Allelopathic Influence of Sorghum Aqueous Extracts and Sorghum Powder on Germination Indices and Seedling Vigor of Hybrid Corn and Jungle Rice

Abstract

Allelopathy has become a paramount tool for controlling weeds in crop plants without deteriorating the environment. Allelopathic effects of sorghum aqueous extracts and sorghum powder on a single cross maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid “HC-8080” and a summer weed, jungle rice (Echinochloa colona L.) were assessed in the research laboratory of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan. The treatments included: T1: control (untreated check), T2: sorghum aqueous extract at a rate of 5 mL kg-1 soil, T3: sorghum aqueous extract at a rate of 10 mL kg-1 soil, T4: sorghum aqueous extract at a rate of 15 mL kg-1 soil, T5: sorghum powder at a rate of 5 g kg-1 soil, T6: sorghum powder at a rate of 10 g kg-1 soil and T7: sorghum powder at a rate of 15 g kg-1 soil. The results unveiled that sorghum aqueous extract at a rate of 15 mL kg-1 soil was the most deleterious treatment which reduced the germination percentage (GP) in maize and E. colona by 23.57% and 47.03%, germination index (GI) by 22.30% and 42.14%, root length by 32.25% and 62.54% and shoot length by 23.22% and 62.76%, respectively over control. Similarly, 15 g kg-1 soil sorghum powder reduced the same parameters respectively by 18.85% and 41.09%, 15% and 33.53%, 9.3% and 54.69% and 15.88% and 45.34% in maize and E. colona, respectively and stood better than other powder treatments. Therefore it is concluded that sorghum extracts and powder can both be used to control weeds efficiently but their deleterious effect on the corresponding crop should also be an important consideration.

Effect of Three Growth Stages of Sorghum Residues on Lolium temulentum Weeds Associated with the Barley Crop

“…3 showed diagnosis of a number of compounds depending on the retention time such as Hexadecanoic acid, 6-Octadecenoic acid and 1-Docosene listed in Table . 3 .4 indicated that All the weed control treatments showed a significant increase in the control of darnel weed where recorded after 30 days of spray by water extracts of leaves sorghum at growth stages 4-6,6-8, and 12-14 leaves 52.673, 59.477 and 64.133% respectively compared with 0.000% in the control treatment , to increase to 72.390, 81.237 and 86.427 % respectively of the same growth stages compared with 0.000% in the control treatment after 90 days of spray by water extracts of leaves sorghum. The results of our study were similar to what was found [12] who reported that Allelopathic effects of sorghum aqueous extracts on a summer weed, jungle rice (Echinochloa colona L.). Our results are also in agreement with [13] who showed the effect Allelopathic of sorghum water extract on weed plants such as wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum).…”

Response of Morphogenesis and Cell Proliferation to Allelopatic Compounds on Rice Germplasm

“…According to Rice (2012), allelochemicals can either inhibit or promote the plant growth, depending on certain concentrations. This was supported by a study by Yar et al (2020) that low concentrations of allelochemicals can stimulate germination and plant growth. 18.34 ± 1.36b 4.24 ± 0.35b 2 *Average percentage of callus that produced plantlet.…”

The total phenolic compound and sorgoleone content as possible indirect indicators of the allelopathic potential of sorghum varieties ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

“…The significant allelopathic potential of sorghum is also harnessed in the production of an aqueous extract from the above-ground parts of the plant, known as a sorgaab, which exhibits a phytotoxic effect on weeds due to its phenolic content and controls many weed species (Le et al 2018;Yar et al 2020). The use of sorghum extract can serve as an environmentally friendly, convenient and cost-effective alternative to synthetic herbicides (Saudy et al 2021), and can be utilized for the production of ecological herbicides.…”