Allelopathic Activity of Dehulled Rice and its Allelochemicals on Weed Germination

Abstract

In this study, the allelopathic potential of dehulled rice, rice, and hulls of rice on germination of weeds was evaluated in laboratory. Phenolic acids in growth media of these plants were also identified and quantified using HPLC. Identified allelochemicals were reversely tested for phytotoxic effects on germination and seedling growth of barnyardgrass, lettuce, radish and rice. The results showed that the inhibitory effects of dehulled rice were stronger than those of hulls and rice. Dehulled rice caused 66.7% and 50.6% reduction in radish root length and lettuce shoot height, respectively. Dehulled rice showed strong inhibitory effects on root length of lettuce and shoot height of radish while hulls and rice exhibited stimulation. Regarding phenolic identification, vanillin and vanillic acid were detected as allelochemicals in root exudates of rice and tested plants. The results revealed that most of the vanillin and vanillic acid treatments showed high inhibitory effects on germination rates and seedling growth of lettuce and radish, high stimulatory activity on root elongation of rice. Vanillic acid (100 ppm and 200 ppm), vanillin (100 ppm) and their mixture (200 ppm) completely inhibited survival of lettuce. The findings indicate the allelopathic potential of dehulled rice which can be used for identification of more phytotoxins to produce bioherbicides in agricultural practices.

Momilactones A, B, and Tricin in Rice Grain and By-Products are Potential Skin Aging Inhibitors

“…In addition, tricin was confirmed as a non-competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase [10]; therefore, further biological models should be tested to scrutinize the potential impacts on tyrosinase inhibitory action mode of tricin. Furthermore, vanillin and tricin were reported as dominant compounds in various parts of rice [22,23]. Rice and its products were investigated as outstanding sources for the treatment of skin diseases as well [24,25].…”

Herbicidal Activities of Some Allelochemicals and Their Synergistic Behaviors toward Amaranthus tricolor L.

“…In order to understand the allelopathic effect of combined materials and to receive a more reactive natural herbicide, binary mixtures of seven natural molecules (containing a variety of functional groups), namely R -(+)-limonene ( A ) [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], vanillin ( B ) [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], xanthoxyline ( C ) [ 11 ], vanillinic acid ( D ) [ 28 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], linoleic acid ( E ) [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ], methyl linoleate ( F ) [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], and (±)-odorine ( G ) [ 12 , 13 ] ( Figure 1 ), were investigated using Chinese amaranth ( Amaranthus tricolor L.) as the test plant and Tween ® 80 as a surfactant. Chinese amaranth was chosen as a representative dicot plant because it has a high percentage of germination.…”

Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus licheniformis TAB7, a Compost-Deodorizing Strain with Potential for Plant Growth Promotion

“…The TAB7 chromosome harbors nitrilase ( yhcX ) and IAA-acetyl-transferase ( ysnE ) (4) genes that may be involved in IAA biosynthesis. It also has genes encoding phenolic acid decarboxylase ( padC ) (13), vanillic acid decarboxylase ( vdcC ) (14), and protocatechuic acid-degrading enzymes ( praABCDEHI ) (15), which are involved in catabolism of phenolic compounds known to have negative allelopathy on some plants (16–18). Furthermore, putative genes involved in the production of other plant growth-promoting compounds, such as bacillibactin ( dhbABCEF ), and acetoin ( alsDRS ) (4, 19) were found, further suggesting TAB7 involvement in plant growth promotion.…”