Allelic variants at codon 146 in the<i>PRNP</i>gene show significant differences in the risk for natural scrapie in Cypriot goats

Ortiz-Pelaez, Angel; Georgiadou, S.; Simmons, Marion; Windl, Otto; Dawson, M.; Arnold, Mark; Neocleous, P; Papasavva-Stylianou, Penelope

doi:10.1017/s0950268814002064

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The sensitivity of detection using posterior brainstem appeared to be strongly dependent on the age of tested individuals, which is consistent with the known pathogenesis of TSE. Similar data were obtained from studies of a large UK goat herd ) and four scrapie affected goat herds in Cyprus (Ortiz-Pelaez et al, 2014b). These data confirm that the age of the tested individuals (incubation stage) strongly influences the probability of being detected by surveillance.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Active Surveillance -Population Sampling Asupporting

confidence: 82%

“…However studies based on current active surveillance programmes in goats demonstrated that whatever the number of screening tests performed, post-mortem surveillance has limited success in identifying infected animals Corbiere et al, 2013b;Ortiz-Pelaez et al, 2014b). Similar findings were reported by Hopp et al (2003) when assessing the performance of TSE active surveillance in the Norwegian sheep population.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Active Surveillance -Population Sampling Asupporting

confidence: 69%

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Scientific Opinion on the scrapie situation in the EU after 10 years of monitoring and control in sheep and goats

Hald

Baggesen

2014

EFSA Journal

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To assess the effectiveness of the strategies implemented in the European Union (EU) to control Classical scrapie (CS), epidemiological data have been compared in the context of the efforts in terms of control measures applied over time. Official EU surveillance data and results from questionnaire surveys of EU Member States (MSs) have been used along with case studies. A spatio-temporal description of the occurrence of small ruminants TSEs in MSs in the period 2002-2012 is provided, with a particular focus on CS in sheep. Based on information collected from MSs, the potential effectiveness of breeding programmes for resistance to CS (BP-CS) in the dissemination of resistance into the general sheep population has been assessed for those countries for which the CS trend analysis has been performed. CS in sheep was reported in 17 MSs (average prevalence: 8.7 cases/10 000 tests), with heterogeneous trends and geographical distribution: among the 13 countries reporting a consistent number of cases, the trend analysis shows a statistically significant decreasing trend only for six of them. Variations in the implementation of genetic and non-genetic measures for the control of CS may explain the failure to improve the disease situation in the remaining seven MSs. At a national level, a reduction in CS seems to be linked to better-achieving BP-CSs. Control options applied to CS in sheep and goats indicate that a CS eradication policy that relies solely on the detection of infected flocks by post-mortem testing and subsequent depopulation would be unlikely to succeed. A minimum frequency of the ARR allele in a sheep population above which CS may be expected to fade-out could be estimated for each specific national sheep population. Recommendations for additional/alternative measures to control CS in sheep and goats are formulated. Scrapie situation in the EU EFSA Journal 2014;12 (7):3781 2 SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission (EC), the EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the scrapie situation in the European Union (EU) after 10 years of monitoring and control in sheep and goats. In particular, in order to evaluate the measures in place and assess the progress accomplished, the EC consulted EFSA to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of the epidemiological situation of Classical scrapie (CS) and Atypical scrapie (AS), and a retrospective analysis of the effectiveness of the control tools encompassed by EU legislation.The opinion provides background information in relation to CS and AS in sheep and goats, including information on the nature of the agents, genetic susceptibility of the hosts, transmission pathways and epidemiology of the diseases.Based on information from the EU TSE surveillance database, CS and AS in sheep and goats in the period 2002-2012 have been analysed to provide a spatio-temporal description of the occurrence of the diseases, after appropriate statistical adjustment accounting for the main known confounding factor...

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Section: Factors Affecting Active Surveillance -Population Sampling Asupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Factors Affecting Active Surveillance -Population Sampling Asupporting

confidence: 69%

Scientific Opinion on the scrapie situation in the EU after 10 years of monitoring and control in sheep and goats

Hald

Baggesen

2014

EFSA Journal

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“…These variants include Met-142, 13,17,21,23 His-154, 14,18,19,21,23 Arg-143, 18 and alleles with stronger protective effects, such as Ser-146, Asp-146, 14,19,20 Gln-211 11,21,23 and Lys-222. 11,[21][22][23] These alleles' relative low occurrence frequency among herds and/or goat breeds examined in field studies, suggests that additional investigations within the context of a well defined experimental scheme, including sufficient test samples and controls, are required prior to gaining further conclusive information on their effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Field studies, conducted in different countries on a variety of goat breeds, assigned some degree of protection against scrapie to the following alleles Met-142, Arg-143, Asp-146, Ser-146, His-154, Gln-211 and Lys-222. 11,13,14,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Among these, Met-142 is linked to prolonged incubation period, 13,17,21,23 while Arg-143 18 and His-154 14,18,19,21,23 are associated with moderate protection. Ser-146 or Asp-146, 14,19,20 Gln-211 11,21,23 and Lys-222 11,[21][22][23] are associated with higher degrees of protection, suggesting that they could be used as candidate alleles, targeted by a potential selective breeding strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caprine PrP variants harboring Asp-146, His-154 and Gln-211 alleles display reduced convertibility upon interaction with pathogenic murine prion protein in scrapie infected cells

Kanata

Arsenakis

Sklaviadis

2016

Prion

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“…Association between PrP genotype and natural scrapie infection risk in French goats was assessed, the statistical analyses indicated that P240 mutation had no direct impact on scrapie infection risk, H154, Q211 and K222 mutation were associated with high resistance to scrapie (Corbière et al, 2013). The epidemiological evidence for the resistance to natural scrapie at population associated with allelic variants D146 and S146 was provided in infected Cypriot goat (Ortiz-Pelaez et al, 2015).…”

Section: Role Of Prnp In Small Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: A review on classical and atypical scrapie in caprine: Prion protein gene polymorphisms and their role in the disease

Curcio

Sebastiani

Lorenzo

et al. 2016

Animal

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Scrapie is a naturally occurring transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in sheep and goat. It has been known for~250 years and is characterised by the accumulation of an abnormal isoform of a host-encoded prion protein that leads to progressive neurodegeneration and death. Scrapie is recognised in two forms, classical and atypical scrapie. The susceptibility to both types of scrapie is influenced by polymorphisms of the prion protein gene (PRNP). Sheep susceptibility or resistance to classical scrapie is strongly regulated by the polymorphisms at codons 136, 154 and 171 of the PRNP. The genetic role in atypical scrapie in sheep has been defined by polymorphisms at codons 141, 154 and 171, which are associated with different degrees of risk in the occurrence of the ovine disease. Progress has been achieved in the prevention of scrapie in sheep due to efficient genetic breeding programmes based on eradication and control of the disease. In Europe, the success of these programmes has been verified by applying eradication and genetic selection plans. In general terms, the ovine selection plans aim to eliminate and reduce the susceptible allele and to enrich the resistant allele ARR. During outbreaks all susceptible animals are slaughtered, only ARR/ARR resistant rams and sheep and semi-resistant females are preserved. In the occurrence of scrapie positive goats a complete cull of the flock (stamping out) is performed with great economic loss and severe risk of extinction for the endangered breeds. The ability to select scrapie-resistant animals allows to define new breeding strategies aimed to boost genetic progress while reducing costs during scrapie outbreaks. Allelic variants of PRNP can be protective for caprine scrapie, and the knowledge of their distribution in goats has become very important. Over the past few years, the integration of genetic information on goat populations could be used to make selection decisions, commonly referred to as genetic selection. The objective of this review was to summarise the main findings of polymorphisms of the caprine prion protein (PrP) gene and to discuss the possible application of goat breeding schemes integrating genetic selection, with their relative advantages and limitations.

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Allelic variants at codon 146 in thePRNPgene show significant differences in the risk for natural scrapie in Cypriot goats

Cited by 26 publications

References 23 publications

Scientific Opinion on the scrapie situation in the EU after 10 years of monitoring and control in sheep and goats

Scientific Opinion on the scrapie situation in the EU after 10 years of monitoring and control in sheep and goats

Caprine PrP variants harboring Asp-146, His-154 and Gln-211 alleles display reduced convertibility upon interaction with pathogenic murine prion protein in scrapie infected cells

Review: A review on classical and atypical scrapie in caprine: Prion protein gene polymorphisms and their role in the disease

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