Allelic frequencies of the 15 STR loci included in the AmpFlSTR® Identifiler™ PCR Amplification Kit in an autochthonous sample from Spain

Before the arrival of the Spaniards in Nicaragua, diverse Native American groups inhabited the territory. In colonial times, Native Nicaraguan populations interacted with Europeans and slaves from Africa. To ascertain the extent of this genetic admixture and provide genetic evidence about the origin of the Nicaraguan ancestors, we analyzed the mitochondrial control region (HVSI and HVSII), 17 Y chromosome STRs, and 15 autosomal STRs in 165 Mestizo individuals from Nicaragua. To carry out interpopulation comparisons, HVSI sequences from 29 American populations were compiled from the literature. The results reveal a close relationship between Oto-manguean, Uto-Aztecan, Mayan groups from Mexico, and a Chibchan group to Nicaraguan lineages. The Native American contribution to present-day Nicaraguan Mestizos accounts for most of the maternal lineages, whereas the majority of Nicaraguan Y chromosome haplogroups can be traced back to a West Eurasian origin. Pairwise Fst distances based on Y-STRs between Nicaragua and European, African and Native American populations show that Nicaragua is much closer to Europeans than the other populations. Additionally, admixture proportions based on autosomal STRs indicate a predominantly Spanish contribution. Our study reveals that the Nicaraguan Mestizo population harbors a high proportion of European male and Native American female substrate. Finally, the amount of African ancestry is also interesting, probably because of the contribution of Spanish conquerors with North African genetic traces or that of West African slaves.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing the population history of Nicaragua by means of mtDNA, Y‐chromosome STRs, and autosomal STR markers

Núñez

Baeta

Sosa

et al. 2010

“…The analyses were performed to examine the effects of mutation rate on admixture proportions and genetic diversity indices. Mutation rates for the Identifiler loci Camacho et al, 2007 were provided by the NIST STR database at http:// www.cstl.nist.gov/div831/strbase/mutation.htm. The Structure software v. 2.3.1, available at http:// pritch.bsd.uchicago.edu/structure/html, was used to infer population substructure for both the Haitian and Jamaican collections (Pritchard et al, 2000).…”

Section: Statistical and Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic structure of populations from Haiti and Jamaica reflect divergent demographic histories

Simms

Rodriguez

Rodríguez

et al. 2009

The West Indies represent an amalgamation of African, European and in some cases, East Asian sources, but the contributions from each ethnic group remain relatively unexplored from a genetic perspective. In the present study, we report, for the first time, allelic frequency data across the complete set of 15 autosomal STR loci for general collections from Haiti and Jamaica, which were subsequently used to examine the genetic diversity present in each island population. Our results indicate that although both Haiti and Jamaica display genetic affinities with the continental African collections, a stronger African signal is detected in Haiti than in Jamaica. Although only minimal contributions from non-African sources were observed in Haiti, Jamaica displays genetic input from both European and East Asian sources, an admixture profile similar to other New World collections of African descent analyzed in this report. The divergent genetic signatures present in these populations allude to the different migratory events of Africans, Europeans, and East Asians into the New World.

“…For this, we used the same set of Amerindian populations, Guinea Bissau for the African parental population, and Spain for the European parental population (Gonçalves et al, 2002;Pereira et al, 2005;Camacho et al, 2007). This analysis included all sampled individuals (N 5 60) and we constructed the datasets so that first degree relatives were not included in the same analysis.…”

Section: Dna and Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief communication: Admixture analysis with forensic microsatellites in Minas Gerais, Brazil: The ongoing evolution of the capital and of an African‐derived community

Scliar

Vaintraub²,

Vaintraub³

et al. 2009

We report the estimated allele frequencies for 13 and 14 microsatellite loci in two populations of Minas Gerais, Brazil as follows: Belo Horizonte (the capital) and Marinhos (an African-derived community). Analysis of the African, Amerindian, and European genetic contributions to both populations, together with historical information, revealed distinct differences between the two populations. Estimates for Belo Horizonte revealed a higher-European (66%) than African (32%) contribution, and a minimal Amerindian contribution. These results are consistent with the peopling of the city mainly by people from the Minas Gerais hinterland, a people highly admixed but with more European ancestry. Estimates for Marinhos confirmed the high-African component of the population. However, a temporal analysis of two datasets-CURRENT (representing the population living in Marinhos today) and ORIGINAL (representing families, who have lived in Marinhos since the onset of the 20th century),-identified a diminishing of the population's African ancestry from 92% in the ORIGINAL group to 67% in the CURRENT group. This change is here interpreted as a consequence of the growing migration into the village of people with more European ancestry and subsequent admixture with the local population.