Allee effect in the selection for prime-numbered cycles in periodical cicadas

Tanaka, Yuzuru; Yoshimura, Jin; Simon, Chris; Cooley, John R.; Tainaka, Kei–ichi

doi:10.1073/pnas.0900215106

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Larger body size may be associated with greater fecundity in females (Karban, ) and increased mating success in males (Lloyd & Dybas, ; Karban, ). If adult body size does increase with an increase in life cycle length, 13‐year cicadas may have smaller bodies and lower reproductive capacities than 17‐year cicadas under the same habitat conditions, as is assumed in recent models of cicada evolution (Tanaka et al ., ; Yoshimura et al ., ). The correlation between body size and life cycle length will hold if 13‐ and 17‐year cicadas have the same annual nymphal growth rates under the same habitat conditions (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Geographic body size variation in the periodical cicadas Magicicada: implications for life cycle divergence and local adaptation

Koyama

Ito

Kakishima

et al. 2015

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Seven species in three species groups (Decim, Cassini and Decula) of periodical cicadas (Magicicada) occupy a wide latitudinal range in the eastern United States. To clarify how adult body size, a key trait affecting fitness, varies geographically with climate conditions and life cycle, we analysed the relationships of population mean head width to geographic variables (latitude, longitude, altitude), habitat annual mean temperature (AMT), life cycle and species differences. Within species, body size was larger in females than males and decreased with increasing latitude (and decreasing habitat AMT), following the converse Bergmann's rule. For the pair of recently diverged 13-and 17-year species in each group, 13-year cicadas were equal in size or slightly smaller on average than their 17-year counterparts despite their shorter developmental time. This fact suggests that, under the same climatic conditions, 17-year cicadas have lowered growth rates compared to their 13-years counterparts, allowing 13-year cicadas with faster growth rates to achieve body sizes equivalent to those of their 17-year counterparts at the same locations. However, in the Decim group, which includes two 13-year species, the more southerly, anciently diverged 13-year species (Magicicada tredecim) was characterized by a larger body size than the other, more northerly 13-and 17-year species, suggesting that local adaptation in warmer habitats may ultimately lead to evolution of larger body sizes. Our results demonstrate how geographic clines in body size may be maintained in sister species possessing different life cycles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Geographic body size variation in the periodical cicadas Magicicada: implications for life cycle divergence and local adaptation

Koyama

Ito

Kakishima

et al. 2015

J of Evolutionary Biology

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“…The prolonged, primenumbered life cycles were hypothesized to have evolved in response to Pleistocene climatic cooling (9,11) to avoid the adverse effect of low population density on mating success (9,12,13). Another view hypothesized that the long synchronized life cycles evolved in association with the predator avoidance strategy (2,4,8) and that this took place before both the glacial periods and the split of the three species groups (10) based on approximate genetic distances among species groups (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Independent divergence of 13- and 17-y life cycles among three periodical cicada lineages

Sota

Yamamoto

Cooley

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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101

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The evolution of 13-and 17-y periodical cicadas (Magicicada) is enigmatic because at any given location, up to three distinct species groups (Decim, Cassini, Decula) with synchronized life cycles are involved. Each species group is divided into one 13-and one 17-y species with the exception of the Decim group, which contains two 13-y species-13-y species are Magicicada tredecim, Magicicada neotredecim, Magicicada tredecassini, and Magicicada tredecula; and 17-y species are Magicicada septendecim, Magicicada cassini, and Magicicada septendecula. Here we show that the divergence leading to the present 13-and 17-y populations differs considerably among the species groups despite the fact that each group exhibits strikingly similar phylogeographic patterning. The earliest divergence of extant lineages occurred ∼4 Mya with one branch forming the Decim species group and the other subsequently splitting 2.5 Mya to form the Cassini and Decula species groups. The earliest split of extant lineages into 13-and 17-y life cycles occurred in the Decim lineage 0.5 Mya. All three species groups experienced at least one episode of life cycle divergence since the last glacial maximum. We hypothesize that despite independent origins, the three species groups achieved their current overlapping distributions because life-cycle synchronization of invading congeners to a dominant resident population enabled escape from predation and population persistence. The repeated life-cycle divergences supported by our data suggest the presence of a common genetic basis for the two life cycles in the three species groups.life-cycle shift | nurse brood | parallel evolution | speciation P eriodical cicadas (Magicicada) in the eastern United States represent one of the most spectacular life history and population phenomena in nature (1-10). These periodical cicadas spend most of their lives (13 y in the south, 17 y in the north) as underground juveniles except for a brief 2-to 4-wk period when adults emerge simultaneously in massive numbers. With few exceptions, at any given location, all of the periodical cicadas share the same life cycle and emerge on the same schedule, forming a single-year class referred to as a "brood." Surprisingly, each brood consists of multiple species from three species groups (Decim, Cassini, Decula).These three groups were considered to have diverged from each other allopatrically and to have later become sympatric and formed 13-and 17-y life cycles (2). The prolonged, primenumbered life cycles were hypothesized to have evolved in response to Pleistocene climatic cooling (9, 11) to avoid the adverse effect of low population density on mating success (9, 12, 13). Another view hypothesized that the long synchronized life cycles evolved in association with the predator avoidance strategy (2,4,8) and that this took place before both the glacial periods and the split of the three species groups (10) based on approximate genetic distances among species groups (8). To test these hypotheses, phylogenetic information about the r...

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“…The evolutionary origins of periodical organisms are still unknown, although several hypotheses have been proposed. In periodical cicadas, the acquisition of periodicity is suggested to have preceded the selection of 13-or 17-year cycles (Ito et al, 2015;Sota et al, 2013;Tanaka, Yoshimura, Simon, Cooley, & Tainaka, 2009;Yoshimura, 1997). However, the evolutionary history of periodical cicadas has not been verified, because non-periodical, closely related species have not been found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary origin of a periodical mass‐flowering plant

Kakishima

Liang

Ito

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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The evolutionary origin of periodical mass‐flowering plants (shortly periodical plants), exhibiting periodical mass flowering and death immediately after flowering, has not been demonstrated. Within the genus Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae), which includes more than 50 periodical species, Strobilanthes flexicaulis on Okinawa Island, Japan, flowers gregariously every 6 years. We investigated the life history of S. flexicaulis in other regions and that of closely related species together with their molecular phylogeny to reveal the evolutionary origin of periodical mass flowering. S. flexicaulis on Taiwan Island was found to be a polycarpic perennial with no mass flowering and, in the Yaeyama Islands, Japan, a monocarpic perennial with no mass flowering. Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that a polycarpic perennial was the ancestral state in this whole group including S. flexicaulis and the closely related species. No distinctive genetic differentiation was found in S. flexicaulis among all three life histories (polycarpic perennial, monocarpic perennial, and periodical plant). These results suggest that among S. flexicaulis , the periodical mass flowering on Okinawa Island had evolved from the polycarpic perennial on Taiwan Island via the monocarpic perennial in the Yaeyama Islands. Thus, the evolution of life histories could have taken at the level of local populations within a species.

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Allee effect in the selection for prime-numbered cycles in periodical cicadas

Cited by 31 publications

References 18 publications

Geographic body size variation in the periodical cicadas Magicicada: implications for life cycle divergence and local adaptation

Geographic body size variation in the periodical cicadas Magicicada: implications for life cycle divergence and local adaptation

Independent divergence of 13- and 17-y life cycles among three periodical cicada lineages

Evolutionary origin of a periodical mass‐flowering plant

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