Allatostatin inhibition and farnesol stimulation of corpus allatum activity in embryos of the viviparous cockroach,Diploptera punctata

Holbrook, Glenn L.; Chiang, Ann‐Shyn; Schal, Coby

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(1996)32:3/4<341::aid-arch7>3.0.co;2-v

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This suggests that CYP15A1 mRNA expression does not modulate JH synthesis in B. germanica, at least in the embryo. In D. punctata, JH biosynthesis was significantly increased by incubating CA from embryos at different stages in medium containing farnesol (Holbrook et al, 1996), which suggests again that JH biosynthesis must be regulated at early steps (Sutherland and Feyereisen, 1996).…”

Section: Transcript Levels Of the Methyl Farnesoate Epoxidase Cyp15a1mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Inhibition of JH production by ASTs in CA from late embryos incubated in vitro has been reported in D. punctata (Holbrook et al, 1996;Stay et al, 2002) which is in support of our hypothesis. In B. germanica, ascertaining whether ASTs inhibits JH synthesis in embryonic CA incubated in vitro would need further research.…”

Section: Immunolocalisation Of Ast and Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, JH production has been reported for CA from embryos of the cockroach Diploptera punctata (Holbrook et al, 1996(Holbrook et al, , 1998Stay et al, 2002). In all cases, JH levels were very low or undetectable until embryo dorsal closure, and then increased quite suddenly and decreased thereafter until hatching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Juvenile hormone and allatostatins in the German cockroach embryo

Maestro

Pascual

Treiblmayr

et al. 2010

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Levels of juvenile hormone III (JH), FGLamide allatostatin peptides (ASTs), ASTs precursor (preproAST) mRNA and methyl farnesoate epoxidase (CYP15A1) mRNA were measured in embryos of the cockroach Blattella germanica. JH starts to rise just after dorsal closure, reaches maximal levels between 60% and 80% of embryogenesis, and decrease subsequently to undetectable levels. ASTs show low levels during the first two thirds of embryogenesis, increase thereafter and maintain high levels until hatching. PreproAST mRNA shows quite high levels during the two days following oviposition, thus behaving as a maternal transcript, the levels then become very low until mid embryogenesis, and increase afterwards, peaking towards the end of embryo development. CYP15A1 transcripts were detected around 25% embryogenesis and the levels tended to increase through embryogenesis, although differences amongst the days studied were not statistically significant. The opposite patterns of JH and AST towards the end of embryo development, along with the detection of AST immunoreactivity in corpora allata from late embryos, suggest that JH decline is caused by the increase of AST. Moreover, the uncorrelated patterns of JH concentration and CYP15A1 mRNA levels suggest that CYP15A1 expression does not modulate JH production.

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Section: Transcript Levels Of the Methyl Farnesoate Epoxidase Cyp15a1mentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Immunolocalisation Of Ast and Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Juvenile hormone and allatostatins in the German cockroach embryo

Maestro

Pascual

Treiblmayr

et al. 2010

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…The rates of stimulation of JH synthesis by farnesol and FA seem to confirm that farnesol-SDRs are less abundant than JHAMTs; addition of high concentrations of farnesol to CA cultures stimulated JH synthesis only 1.8-fold in the adult stink bug Perillus bioculatus (33), 4-fold in the adult stick insect Carausius morosus (34), and 3-fold in adult and embryos of D. punctata cockroaches (35,36). On the other hand, addition of FA increased the rate of JH synthesis 100-fold by CA of the locust Schistocerca gregaria (37) and 40-fold in CA of A. aegypti females (19).…”

Section: Aasdr-1 Efficiently Oxidizes Farnesol To Farnesalmentioning

confidence: 99%

NADP ⁺ -dependent farnesol dehydrogenase, a corpora allata enzyme involved in juvenile hormone synthesis

Mayoral

Nouzová

Navare

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

107

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The synthesis of juvenile hormone (JH) is an attractive target for control of insect pests and vectors of disease, but the minute size of the corpora allata (CA), the glands that synthesize JH, has made it difficult to identify important biosynthetic enzymes by classical biochemical approaches. Here, we report identification and characterization of an insect farnesol dehydrogenase (AaSDR-1) that oxidizes farnesol into farnesal, a precursor of JH, in the CA. AaSDR-1 was isolated as an EST in a library of the corpora allata-corpora cardiaca of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The 245-amino acid protein presents the typical short-chain dehydrogenase (SDR) Rossmann-fold motif for nucleotide binding. This feature, together with other conserved sequence motifs, place AaSDR-1 into the ''classical'' NADP ؉ -dependent cP2 SDR subfamily. The gene is part of a group of highly conserved paralogs that cluster together in the mosquito genome; similar clusters of orthologs were found in other insect species. AaSDR-1 acts as a homodimer and efficiently oxidizes C 10 to C15 isoprenoid and aliphatic alcohols, showing the highest affinity for the conversion of farnesol into farnesal. Farnesol dehydrogenase activity was not detected in the CA of newly emerged mosquitoes but significant activity was detected 24 h later. Real time PCR experiments revealed that AaSDR-1 mRNA levels were very low in the inactive CA of the newly emerged female, but increased >30-fold 24 h later during the peak of JH synthesis. These results suggest that oxidation of farnesol might be a rate-limiting step in JH III synthesis in adult mosquitoes.mosquito ͉ Aedes ͉ farnesal ͉ insect

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“…These results indicate that TC199 should be replaced with L-15B in short-term radiochemical assays with D. punctata CA. We have recently used L-t5B to determine patterns of JH biosynthesis by CA from D. punctata embryos (Holbrook et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discl Ssionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved conditions for culture of biosynthetically active cockroach corpora allata

Holbrook

Chiang

Schal

1997

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal

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Currently, short-term culture of insect corpora allata is most often performed in TC199. We now show that L-15B, a medium widely used in arthropod tissue culture, is superior to TC199 for both short- and long-term culture of cockroach corpora allata. In 3-h and 48-h incubations, juvenile hormone biosynthesis by corpora allata from Diploptera punctata was significantly higher in L-15B than in TC199. In addition, in both media, corpora allata activity was significantly improved by flotation of glands at the medium surface. Characteristics of L-15B responsible for its superiority were examined by comparison of gland activities in several TC199 formulations that had been modified in different ways to be more similar to L-15B. Adjusting the osmotic pressure of TC199 (288 mOsm/l) to near that of L-15B (362 mOsm/l) and D. punctata hemolymph (360 mOsm/l) significantly improved gland activity during the second 12 h of a 36-h incubation. Increasing the concentrations of amino acids, sugars, and organic acids in TC199 to the same levels as in L-15B significantly improved gland activity during both the second and third 12-h intervals of a 36-h incubation. These results suggest that L-15B is superior to TC199 because L-15B is isoosmotic with D. punctata hemolymph and because L-15B, like cockroach hemolymph, contains a high level of organic constituents. It is therefore more appropriate to use L-15B than TC199 for short-term in vitro assays of juvenile hormone biosynthesis and for extended corpora allata culture.

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Allatostatin inhibition and farnesol stimulation of corpus allatum activity in embryos of the viviparous cockroach,Diploptera punctata

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Juvenile hormone and allatostatins in the German cockroach embryo

Juvenile hormone and allatostatins in the German cockroach embryo

NADP ⁺ -dependent farnesol dehydrogenase, a corpora allata enzyme involved in juvenile hormone synthesis

Improved conditions for culture of biosynthetically active cockroach corpora allata

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Allatostatin inhibition and farnesol stimulation of corpus allatum activity in embryos of the viviparous cockroach,Diploptera punctata

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Juvenile hormone and allatostatins in the German cockroach embryo

Juvenile hormone and allatostatins in the German cockroach embryo

NADP + -dependent farnesol dehydrogenase, a corpora allata enzyme involved in juvenile hormone synthesis

Improved conditions for culture of biosynthetically active cockroach corpora allata

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NADP ⁺ -dependent farnesol dehydrogenase, a corpora allata enzyme involved in juvenile hormone synthesis