Allantoin in Human Plasma, Serum, and Nasal-Lining Fluids as a Biomarker of Oxidative Stress: Avoiding Artifacts and Establishing Real<i>in vivo</i>Concentrations

Gruber, Jan; Tang, Soon Yew; Jenner, Andrew; Mudway, Ian; Blomberg, Anders; Behndig, Annelie F.; Kasiman, Katherine; Lee, Jetty Chung‐Yung; Seet, Raymond C.S.; Zhang, Wenxia; Chen, Christopher; Kelly, Frank J.; Halliwell, Barry

doi:10.1089/ars.2008.2364

Cited by 53 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Elevated pipecolic acid levels are associated with peroxisome biogenesis disorders and may result in the production of renal cysts as seen with Zellweger's syndrome. Increased allantoic acid levels indicate peroxisome activity and are indicative of oxidative stress (14), which has been postulated to contribute to cyst progression through loss of heterozygosity in specific tubular epithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P value Ͻ0.05. Six (five) metabolites differed significantly between the jck and wild-type mice at 26 days and 13 (14) at 45 days when (not) adjusted for body weight, respectively. These significantly differentiated metabolites apparently had heavy loadings in the PLS, a finding that supports these compounds as being the most promising biomarkers for PKD.…”

Section: Identification Of Potential Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A metabolomics approach using juvenile cystic mice to identify urinary biomarkers and altered pathways in polycystic kidney disease

Taylor¹,

Ganti²,

Bukanov³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Potential Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A metabolomics approach using juvenile cystic mice to identify urinary biomarkers and altered pathways in polycystic kidney disease

Taylor¹,

Ganti²,

Bukanov³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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“…The results were often overestimated [32]. This could be caused by insufficient purification of samples prior to the analysis, especially complicated, complex matrix.…”

Section: Allantoinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Today’s oxidative stress markers

Czerska¹,

Mikołajewska²,

Zieliński³

et al. 2015

Med Pr

155

103

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Oxidative stress represents a situation where there is an imbalance between the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the availability and the activity of antioxidants. This balance is disturbed by increased generation of free radicals or decreased antioxidant activity. It is very important to develop methods and find appropriate biomarkers that may be used to assess oxidative stress in vivo. It is significant because appropriate measurement of such stress is necessary in identifying its role in lifestyle-related diseases. Previously used markers of oxidative stress, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) or malondialdehyde (MDA), are progressively being supplemented by new ones, such as isoprostanes (IsoPs) and their metabolites or allantoin. This paper is focusing on the presentation of new ones, promising markers of oxidative stress (IsoPs, their metabolites and allantoin), taking into account the advantage of those markers over markers used previously. Med Pr 2015;66(3):393-405Key words: isoprostanes, oxidative stress, oxidative stress markers, allantoin, metabolites of isoprostanes StreszczenieStres oksydacyjny jest stanem braku równowagi między działaniem reaktywnych form tlenu (RFT) a działaniem antyoksydantów. Równowaga ta może być zakłócona w wyniku zwiększonego działania wolnych rodników lub spadku aktywności antyoksydacyjnej. Zaburzenia te mogą występować zarówno na poziomie komórkowym, jak i całego organizmu. Ponieważ stres oksydacyjny może być podłożem wielu zespołów chorobowych, niezwykle istotne jest znalezienie odpowiednich markerów, które mogą być wykorzystane do oceny jego poziomu in vivo. Stosowane od wielu lat markery -ocenę stężenia aldehyd dimalonowy (MDA) i substancji reagujących z kwasem tiobarbiturowym (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances -TBARS) -stopniowo uzupełnia się nowymi, takimi jak alantoina czy izoprostany (IzoP) wraz z ich metabolitami (IzoP-M). W niniejszej pracy skupiono się na zaprezentowaniu nowych, obiecujących markerów stresu oksydacyjnego (alantoina, IzoP, IzoP-M), ukazując korzyści wynikające z ich stosowania i prognozując dalsze kierunki badań nad ich zastosowaniem. Med. Pr. 2015;66(3):393-405 Słowa kluczowe: izoprostany, stres oksydacyjny, markery stresu oksydacyjnego, alantoina, metabolity izoprostanów Corresponding author / Autorka do korespondencji: Marta Czerska,

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“…Unlike xanthine dehydrogenase, XO generates hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct of purine degradation 4, 6 . This hydrogen peroxide in combination with other reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during hypoxia, oxidizes uric acid to form allantoin and reacts with lipid membranes to generate malondialdehyde (MDA) [7][8][9] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

Plank

Calderon

Asmerom

et al. 2011

JoVE

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Neonatal hypoxia ischemia is characterized by inadequate blood perfusion of a tissue or a systemic lack of oxygen. This condition is thought to cause/exacerbate well documented neonatal disorders including neurological impairment 1-3 . Decreased adenosine triphosphate production occurs due to a lack of oxidative phosphorylation. To compensate for this energy deprived state molecules containing high energy phosphate bonds are degraded 2 . This leads to increased levels of adenosine which is subsequently degraded to inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and finally to uric acid. The final two steps in this degradation process are performed by xanthine oxidoreductase. This enzyme exists in the form of xanthine dehydrogenase under normoxic conditions but is converted to xanthine oxidase (XO) under hypoxia-reperfusion circumstances 4, 5 . Unlike xanthine dehydrogenase, XO generates hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct of purine degradation 4, 6 . This hydrogen peroxide in combination with other reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during hypoxia, oxidizes uric acid to form allantoin and reacts with lipid membranes to generate malondialdehyde (MDA) [7][8][9] . Most mammals, humans exempted, possess the enzyme uricase, which converts uric acid to allantoin. In humans, however, allantoin can only be formed by ROS-mediated oxidation of uric acid. Because of this, allantoin is considered to be a marker of oxidative stress in humans, but not in the mammals that have uricase.We describe methods employing high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) to measure biochemical markers of neonatal hypoxia ischemia. Human blood is used for most tests. Animal blood may also be used while recognizing the potential for uricase-generated allantoin. Purine metabolites were linked to hypoxia as early as 1963 and the reliability of hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid as biochemical indicators of neonatal hypoxia was validated by several investigators [10][11][12][13] . The HPLC method used for the quantification of purine compounds is fast, reliable, and reproducible. The GC/MS method used for the quantification of allantoin, a relatively new marker of oxidative stress, was adapted from Gruber et al 7 . This method avoids certain artifacts and requires low volumes of sample. Methods used for synthesis of MMDA were described elsewhere 14,15 . GC/MS based quantification of MDA was adapted from Paroni et al. and Cighetti et al. 16,17 . Xanthine oxidase activity was measured by HPLC by quantifying the conversion of pterin to isoxanthopterin 18 . This approach proved to be sufficiently sensitive and reproducible.

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Allantoin in Human Plasma, Serum, and Nasal-Lining Fluids as a Biomarker of Oxidative Stress: Avoiding Artifacts and Establishing Realin vivoConcentrations

Cited by 53 publications

References 36 publications

A metabolomics approach using juvenile cystic mice to identify urinary biomarkers and altered pathways in polycystic kidney disease

A metabolomics approach using juvenile cystic mice to identify urinary biomarkers and altered pathways in polycystic kidney disease

Today’s oxidative stress markers

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

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