All Wrapped Up: Environmental Effects on Myelination

Forbes, Thomas A.; Gallo, Vittorio

doi:10.1016/j.tins.2017.06.009

Cited by 80 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 181 publications

(194 reference statements)

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“…The impact of the extrinsic environment or activity-dependent processes on white matter plasticity is now clear (Forbes & Gallo, 2017).…”

Section: Extrinsically Mediated White Matter Plasticity and Cognitimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of the extrinsic environment or activity‐dependent processes on white matter plasticity is now clear (Forbes & Gallo, ). For example, socioeconomic status has been shown to associate with relations between white matter structure measured by DTI and executive function in a large ( n = 1,082) cross‐sectional sample of children, adolescents, and young adults (Ursache & Noble, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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White matter plasticity and maturation in human cognition

Bells

Lefebvre

Longoni

et al. 2019

Glia

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White matter plasticity likely plays a critical role in supporting cognitive development. However, few studies have used the imaging methods specific to white matter tissue structure or experimental designs sensitive to change in white matter necessary to elucidate these relations. Here we briefly review novel imaging approaches that provide more specific information regarding white matter microstructure. Furthermore, we highlight recent studies that provide greater clarity regarding the relations between changes in white matter and cognition maturation in both healthy children and adolescents and those with white matter insult. Finally, we examine the hypothesis that white matter is linked to cognitive function via its impact on neural synchronization. We test this hypothesis in a population of children and adolescents with recurrent demyelinating syndromes. Specifically, we evaluate group differences in white matter microstructure within the optic radiation; and neural phase synchrony in visual cortex during a visual task between 25 patients and 28 typically developing age‐matched controls. Children and adolescents with demyelinating syndromes show evidence of myelin and axonal compromise and this compromise predicts reduced phase synchrony during a visual task compared to typically developing controls. We investigate one plausible mechanism at play in this relationship using a computational model of gamma generation in early visual cortical areas. Overall, our findings show a fundamental connection between white matter microstructure and neural synchronization that may be critical for cognitive processing. In the future, longitudinal or interventional studies can build upon our knowledge of these exciting relations between white matter, neural communication, and cognition.

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“…The impact of the extrinsic environment or activity-dependent processes on white matter plasticity is now clear (Forbes & Gallo, 2017).…”

Section: Extrinsically Mediated White Matter Plasticity and Cognitimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White matter plasticity and maturation in human cognition

Bells

Lefebvre

Longoni

et al. 2019

Glia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on (a) the metabolic challenge endured by myelinating cells during development (Forbes & Gallo, 2017; McKenzie et al, 2014); (b) the requirement of a regular supply of myelin components in adult life (in homeostasis and during adaptive myelination) (Bechler & Ffrench‐Constant, 2014; Gibson et al, 2014); and (c) the central role of remyelination after injury and in disease (Cole, Early, & Lyons, 2017), signaling pathways central to cell metabolism are likely to occupy strategically relevant positions in the regulation of myelination in health and disease. Among such pathways, we will focus in this review mainly on the role of mTOR and closely associated signaling components.…”

Section: Myelination and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelination and mTOR

Figlia

Gerber

Suter

2017

Glia

133

120

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Myelinating cells surround axons to accelerate the propagation of action potentials, to support axonal health, and to refine neural circuits. Myelination is metabolically demanding and, consistent with this notion, mTORC1—a signaling hub coordinating cell metabolism—has been implicated as a key signal for myelination. Here, we will discuss metabolic aspects of myelination, illustrate the main metabolic processes regulated by mTORC1, and review advances on the role of mTORC1 in myelination of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Recent progress has revealed a complex role of mTORC1 in myelinating cells that includes, besides positive regulation of myelin growth, additional critical functions in the stages preceding active myelination. Based on the available evidence, we will also highlight potential nonoverlapping roles between mTORC1 and its known main upstream pathways PI3K‐Akt, Mek‐Erk1/2, and AMPK in myelinating cells. Finally, we will discuss signals that are already known or hypothesized to be responsible for the regulation of mTORC1 activity in myelinating cells.

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“…Changes in oligodendrogenesis and/or myelination have also been observed in many other paradigms where the alterations of neuronal activity may be more complex than simple reduction or increase (reviewed by Almeida & Lyons, 2017;Forbes & Gallo, 2017;Gibson, Geraghty, & Monje, 2018). Therefore, a simple concept stating that increased neuronal activity enhances myelination, while decreased neuronal activity reduces myelination most likely does not apply, and modulation of myelination by neuronal activity may be neuronal circuit specific and may involve multiple mechanisms.…”

Section: Effects Of Neuronal Activity On Oligodendrocytes and Myelimentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamatergic signaling between neurons and oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Is it synaptic or non‐synaptic?

Kula

Chen

Kukley

2019

Glia

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Fast chemical synaptic transmission is a major form of neuronal communication in the nervous system of mammals. Another important, but very different, form of intercellular communication is volume transmission, which is a slower non‐synaptic signaling. The amino acid glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, which mediates both synaptic and non‐synaptic signaling via ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Intriguingly, neurons establish glutamatergic synapses also with oligodendrocyte precursor cells (NG2+‐glia). Moreover, neuronal activity and glutamate receptors play an important role in the development and functionality of oligodendrocytes and their precursors in vivo. Yet, molecular characteristics and functional significance of neuron–glia synapses remain poorly understood, and it is unclear how glutamate receptors mediate the effects of neuronal activity on the oligodendrocyte lineage cells. In this review, we discuss what is known with regard to synaptic and non‐synaptic glutamatergic signaling between neurons and oligodendrocyte lineage cells, what can be suggested based on the current state of knowledge, and what is fully unknown and requires new research.

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All Wrapped Up: Environmental Effects on Myelination

Cited by 80 publications

References 181 publications

White matter plasticity and maturation in human cognition

White matter plasticity and maturation in human cognition

Myelination and mTOR

Glutamatergic signaling between neurons and oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Is it synaptic or non‐synaptic?

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