All-trans-retinoic Acid Promotes Iodine Uptake Via Up-regulating the Sodium Iodide Symporter in Medullary Thyroid Cancer Stem Cells

Abstract

Recently, the main therapy of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is surgical, but by which way there is a poor prognosis with a mean survival of only 5 years. In some cases, some researchers found that it is the medullary thyroid cancer stem cells (MTCSCs) that cause metastasis and recurrence. This study aimed to eradicate MTCSCs through administration of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Here we demonstrate that MTCSCs possess stemlike properties in serum-free medium. The ABCG2, OCT4 and sodium iodide symporter (NIS) were changed by ATRA. Additionally, we found that ATRA can increase the expression of NIS in vivo. All the data suggested that ATRA could increase the iodine uptake of MTCSCs through NIS.Keywords: ATRA -medullary thyroid carcinoma stem cells -the capability of radioiodine uptake -131 I

Neuroendocrine tumors: current therapies, notch signaling, and cancer stem cells

“…The stem cells identified and treated with ATRA increased their uptake of iodine by 8 fold, suggesting that ATRA pre-treatment followed by radioactive iodine therapy may be a new treatment modality for MTC. [167] Finally, co-expression of CD133 and CD44 in MTC by immunohistochemistry was correlated with decreased overall survival in a cohort of 51 MTC patients, compared to those with no co-expression of these two markers implying that CD133 and CD44 can be used as prognostic markers for overall survival. [168] At the molecular level, MTC cells express a variety of proteins including calcitonin and chromogranin A, as well as ASCL1 (also important in pulmonary NETs).…”

Familial hematological malignancies: ASXL1 gene investigation

“…The Arg402Gln is located in steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) binding domain of ASXL1 which co-activates the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) [29] that regulates a wide variety of biological processes such cell growth arrest, differentiation, apoptosis and homeostasis as well as their disorders [30].…”

Experimental Study on Residual Tumor Angiogenesis after Cryoablation

“…After cryoablation, the residual tumors become the origins of tumor recurrence and metastasis, and the important factors influencing the short-term efficacy of cryoablation. The recurrence and metastasis processes of residual tumors are complicated, including increased tumor proliferation activity, expressions of anti-apoptotic genes and angiogenesis factors, formation of angiogenesis as well as abnormal expressions of adhesion factors, multi-drug resistance genes and telomerase, etc., in which angiogenesis factor expression and angiogenesis formation exert considerable functions (Li et al, 2002;Diao et al, 2014;Erdogan et al, 2014;Madjd et al, 2014;Tang et al, 2014;Wong et al, 2014). The severity of tumor angiogenesis indirectly reflects the ability of tumor infiltration, recurrence and metastasis.…”