. © 2016 Carol Perruso, Attribution-NonCommercial (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) CC BY-NC. This longitudinal study at a large public university surveyed students of the 2008 freshmen cohort over four years about their use of websites and library resources for their research papers. The three goals of the study were to track changes in reported research behavior over time, to see if students' reported source choices were associated with librarian instruction and/or if they were associated with instructors' source requirements. The study found that, as students matured, they used library resources more frequently. Librarian instruction and faculty source requirements both were associated with increased use of library resources.cademic librarians have been assessing the impact of instruction for years, but few studies have looked at undergraduate research behaviors longitudinally-and none for a cohort over four years. By surveying a convenience sample of a 2008 class of first-time freshmen each semester for four years, we hoped to develop a better understanding of how undergraduates' choices of sources changed over time, and how those changes might be associated with librarian instruction and requirements by instructors on the types of sources they used.Specifically, this study by five librarians 1 explored our frequent observations that many undergraduates quickly retreat to Google-dominant searching after instruction in the use of scholarly databases, sometimes even during the instruction session. The initial research question was, does Google reliance change over time? Using survey data from 386 first-semester freshmen and more than 75 students in each of the next seven semesters, we found that research behavior does change.
Literature ReviewIn her 2009 literature review, MacMillan found that few longitudinal studies have examined undergraduate use of web and library resources for academic research, or the development of student information literacy skills over time, and a recent review of the literature by the author found the same to be true since then.2 Most of the longitudinal studies looked at change over relatively short timespans-one to two years. 3 The author could find none that tracked a cohort of students over four years. In addition to reviewing longitudinal studies, this literature review focuses on undergraduates'