All‐Solution‐Processed Metal‐Oxide‐Free Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Over 10% Efficiency

Song, Wei; Fan, Xi; Xu, Bingang; Yan, Feng; Cui, Huiqin; Wei, Qiang; Peng, Ruixiang; Lei, Hong; Huang, Jiaming; Ge, Ziyi

doi:10.1002/adma.201800075

Cited by 171 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The normalized depth profiles are shown in Figure a and b for films cast on TiO 2 and PEDOT:PSS, respectively. For the normalization, we have defined the air interface as thickness 0, and the substrate interface as thickness 1 where the TiO 2 and PEDOT:PSS signal starts to appear and their intensity increases sharply as the etch penetrates further into the substrate . As shown in Figure a and b, PBDB‐T:IT‐M films cast on both substrates contain a PBDB‐T‐rich surface layer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating Three‐dimensional Morphology With Function in PBDB‐T:IT‐M Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells

Cai

et al. 2018

Solar RRL

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In this work, the correlation between three-dimensional morphology and device performance of PBDB-T:IT-M non-fullerene organic solar cells is investigated. We found that a PBDB-T-rich top layer formed when the PBDB-T:IT-M film is cast on PEDOT:PSS, indicating a vertical component distribution that will hinder electron transport toward the cathode in a conventional device. This PBDB-T-rich top layer remained upon low-temperature annealing at 80 C, but disappeared when the annealing temperature is raised, resulting in an optimum annealing temperature of 160 C for conventional devices as the removal of this polymer-rich layer facilitates electron transport toward the top cathode layer. The PBDB-T-rich layer is also found in the surface region of the PBDB-T:IT-M film cast on a TiO 2 substrate, but in this case it remained after thermal annealing at 80 or 160 C, leading to a favorable vertical stratification for efficient charge collection in inverted devices. Although thermal annealing can enhance the crystallinity of PBDB-T:IT-M blend and lead to improved charge mobility, the correlation length of the PBDB-T component increased excessively under annealing at 160 C. Further, the packing of IT-M clusters became loose upon high temperature annealing, an effect we believe results in more diffuse interfaces with PBDB-T that result in reduced charge separation efficiency, consequently reducing the shortcircuit current in the inverted devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating Three‐dimensional Morphology With Function in PBDB‐T:IT‐M Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells

Cai

et al. 2018

Solar RRL

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“…That would decrease the device performance; (2) there might be interaction between the PEDOT:PSS and the nonfullerene active layer of PM6:IT‐4F. PEDOT:PSS is a complicated system with high acidity having a pH value of 1–2 and strong oxidation property . Hydrogen bond between the F atoms in active layer and hydrogen in the acidic PEDOT:PSS might induce unfavorable vertical phase segregation of the PEDOT:PSS for charge transport.…”

Section: Device Performance Of the Tandem Cells With Different Thicknmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Hydrogen Molybdenum Bronze in Solution‐Processed Interconnecting Layer for Efficient Nonfullerene Tandem Organic Solar Cells

et al. 2019

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Tandem solar cells are attractive because they can break the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit of single‐junction cells. However, it is still quite challenging to fabricate efficient nonfullerene tandem organic solar cells (OSCs) because of their complicated and vulnerable multilayers and interfaces. The interconnecting layer (ICL) between two subcells is the key part in efficient tandem solar cells, which should be designed properly based on the property of active layers. Herein, the incorporation of hydrogen molybdenum bronze (HxMoO3) between the bottom active layer and PEDOT:PSS/ZnO to form a new ICL is proposed. The contribution of the HxMoO3 is two fold: 1) it can well wet the hydrophobic active layer surface and form a uniform film. It provides a hydrophilic surface for the following deposition of PEDOT:PSS; 2) the HxMoO3 has a high work function of 5.4 eV that is higher than PEDOT:PSS (5.0 eV) and can extract holes more efficiently from the active layer with the deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy level. Nonfullerene tandem solar cells with a high fill factor of 76.0% and power conversion efficiency of 15.03% are obtained with this ICL.

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“…[3,4,29,49] The donors with deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels, in particular, are incorporated to achieve a high open circuit voltage (V OC ) in NFAs-based inverted structure OSCs. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device structure and to consider efficient process to maximize performance of OSC modules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] It is possible to design high-performance devices by designing photoactive materials that constitute a bulk heterojunction (BHJ), [7][8][9] device engineering, [10][11][12][13] and a combination of these. [1][2][3][4][5][6] It is possible to design high-performance devices by designing photoactive materials that constitute a bulk heterojunction (BHJ), [7][8][9] device engineering, [10][11][12][13] and a combination of these.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is the most appropriate coating method to use to produce devices and modules with large areas. [3,25,26,37] The large-area flexible OSC modules have been reported their efficiencies with various materials and coating methods. Their flexible OSC modules with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 2-3% demonstrated an energy payback time (EPBT) of 2.02-1.35 years.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaporation‐Free Nonfullerene Flexible Organic Solar Cell Modules Manufactured by An All‐Solution Process

Han

Jeon

Lee

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

100

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fabricated for application over a large area, and applicability in flexible electronics. [1][2][3][4][5][6] It is possible to design high-performance devices by designing photoactive materials that constitute a bulk heterojunction (BHJ), [7][8][9] device engineering, [10][11][12][13] and a combination of these. [14,15] Therefore, this has attention as an area in which commercialization can occur through the application of flexible, wearable, and portable devices, and building-integrated photovoltaics. [4,[16][17][18][19][20] Recently, different methods such as spin coating, [21][22][23] slotdie coating, [24][25][26] and blade coating, [27,28] are being attempted to develop large-area modules with laboratory-to-industrial applications. Among them, slot-die coating can easily control each layer and the related processing factors, such as discharge rate and speed, thus enabling control of thickness and conformation. Therefore, it is the most appropriate coating method to use to produce devices and modules with large areas. [16,29] Krebs and co-workers fabricated flexible OSC modules using a roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing process called "ProcessOne." Their flexible OSC modules with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 2-3% demonstrated an energy payback time (EPBT) of 2.02-1.35 years. [30,31] Using Proces-sOne, the BHJ layer and buffer layer were formed using slot-die coating and the Ag back electrode was formed via screen printing; this resulted in the design of OSC modules with inverted structures, which enabled cost-effective production. [32,33] Several particular challenges need to be considered in the manufacturing of this type of OSC modules using an R2R process; these included thermally treating the film [34,35] and ensuring the thermal stability of the substrate [36] the uniformity of the film morphology, [22][23][24] and the evaporation process of the buffer layer and the electrode. [3,25,26,37] The large-area flexible OSC modules have been reported their efficiencies with various materials and coating methods. In flexible unit-cells with small-area, Peng and co-workers recently reported high PCE of 14.06% introducing ternary heterojunction strategy in active area of 0.04 cm 2 . [38] The flexible OSC module based thermally evaporated top electrode reported relatively higher performances. Zhou and co-workers reported tandem structure with PCE of 6.5% in active area of 10.5 cm 2 , also, Ma and co-workers reported ternary structure with PCE of To ensure laboratory-to-industry transfer of next-generation energy harvesting organic solar cells (OSCs), it is necessary to develop flexible OSC modules that can be produced on a continuous roll-to-roll basis and to apply an allsolution process. In this study, nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs)-based donor polymer, SMD2, is newly designed and synthesized to continuously fabricate high-performance flexible OSC modules. Also, multifunctional hole transport layers (HTLs), WO 3 /HTL solar bilayer HTLs, are developed and applied via an all-solution process called "ProcessOne...

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All‐Solution‐Processed Metal‐Oxide‐Free Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Over 10% Efficiency

Cited by 171 publications

References 42 publications

Correlating Three‐dimensional Morphology With Function in PBDB‐T:IT‐M Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells

Correlating Three‐dimensional Morphology With Function in PBDB‐T:IT‐M Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells

Incorporation of Hydrogen Molybdenum Bronze in Solution‐Processed Interconnecting Layer for Efficient Nonfullerene Tandem Organic Solar Cells

Evaporation‐Free Nonfullerene Flexible Organic Solar Cell Modules Manufactured by An All‐Solution Process

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