All solution and ambient processable organic photovoltaic modules fabricated by slot-die coating and achieved a certified 7.56% power conversion efficiency

Chang, Yu-Choung; Liao, Chung-Shou; Lee, Chun-Chieh; Lin, Shang‐Yi; Teng, Nai-Wei; Tan, Phoebe

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110064

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…[ 2 ] Thus, water‐dispersible poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is an alternative hole‐transporting layer (HTL) for solution‐processed OPVs and has been widely adopted worldwide to avoid lifetime issues and reduce costs. [ 4,6,22,23 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 21,24–26 ] PEDOT:PSS has been widely used in inverted OPV modules and is compatible with BHJ mixtures of polymer:[6,6]‐phenyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester and poly(3‐hexylthiophene), [ 24,25 ] as well as other commercial products, such as PBTZT‐stat‐BDTT‐8 (Merck) [ 4,6 ] and PV2001 (Raynergy Tek). [ 22,27 ] However, most of the highly efficient NF‐based OPV devices are typically demonstrated in conventional architectures or have undergone the thermal evaporation of MoO 3 to form the HTL in the inverted structure. [ 7–17,28,29 ] From the perspective of development strategies, combining newly discovered wide‐bandgap polymer donors and small‐bandgap nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) delivers a high PCE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Photovoltaic Devices with 10% Power Conversion Efficiency Enabled by a Fine‐Tuned and Solution‐Processed Hole‐Transporting Layer

Teng¹,

Li²,

et al. 2020

Solar RRL

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Solution‐processable hole‐transporting materials are demonstrated to improve the performance of nonfullerene‐based organic photovoltaic devices in an inverted structure. A vanadium oxide (VOX) precursor, used as a sol–gel, is mixed with commercial poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to form a well‐dispersed VOX:PEDOT:PSS solution. The work function and molecular distribution of the VOX:PEDOT:PSS thin film are examined by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS), respectively. Unlike conventional PEDOT:PSS, VOX:PEDOT:PSS not only is compatible with highly hydrophobic photoactive layers but also aligns well with the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of the polymer donor, reaching a power conversion efficiency of 10% (≈100% boost) and achieving an excellent device stability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Photovoltaic Devices with 10% Power Conversion Efficiency Enabled by a Fine‐Tuned and Solution‐Processed Hole‐Transporting Layer

Teng¹,

Li²,

et al. 2020

Solar RRL

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“…Currently, small‐bandgap polymer and PC 61 BM BHJ systems are still mainstream for industrial OPV product manufacturing. [ 3,23 ] Among these conjugated polymers, the PV2000 and PV‐D4610 series are two of the mostly well‐developed and suitable material systems for roll‐to‐roll module manufacturing, [ 3,24 ] offering excellent solubility in o ‐xylene, a typical nonchlorinated solvent for film processing, and the ink can be processed in the air and is compatible with multiple coating approaches such as spin coating, doctor‐blade coating, slot‐die coating, and ink‐jet printing. [ 24–28 ] The single‐junction OPV using PV2000:PC 71 BM as the BHJ layer has been previously presented, with a PCE reaching 10%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large‐area module composed of a PV2000:PC 71 BM BHJ layer has also achieved a PCE of 7.56%. [ 24 ] For mass production, PC 61 BM is still predominantly used as a major ingredient in OPV modules because it has excellent solubility and cost effectiveness and can easily form highly clustered 3D structures in the BHJ layer. One of the interesting properties of fullerene is the possibility to form covalent bonds between two parallel 6–6 double bonds on adjacent fullerene, resulting in dimerization and subsequent polymerization upon irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PV‐X+ formulation was formulated by a nonhalogen solvent with no high boiling point additive. The donor polymer, PV2300, was modified from a well‐known electron‐donating system, PV2000, [ 24 ] which has been widely adopted in worldwide OPV products. The NF acceptor, PV‐A3, is a small bandgap molecule with a ladder‐type core, and the two terminal molecular structure was ended by fluorinated‐substituted groups to narrow the energy level and adjust the optical property.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photoactive Material for Highly Efficient and All Solution‐Processed Organic Photovoltaic Modules: Study on the Efficiency, Stability, and Synthetic Complexity

Liao¹,

Hsiao²,

Tsai³

et al. 2021

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A scalable and accessible photoactive formulation with a low synthetic complexity (SC) index is utilized in organic photovoltaic (OPV) fabrication. The formulation readily dissolves in nonchlorinated solvents, and the corresponding photoactive films can be processed by various coating methods to fabricate devices with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 16.1% and 15.2% when using vacuum‐based molybdenum oxide and solution‐processable conducting polymer as the hole transporting layer in the inverted structure, respectively. This prepared device shows superior stability under light exposure. The PCE is maintained 94% of the initial values after 1080 h of light soaking at 100 mW cm−2. Furthermore, the figure of merit based on the ratio of the SC index and PCE indicates the benefit of this formulation for OPV manufacturing, showing the feasibility of commercialization. Eventually, a PCE of 10.3% is demonstrated for a mini‐module fabricated under ambient conditions, with an active area of 32.6 cm2. To our knowledge, this PCE is one of the largest values reported to date for a green solvent and an all‐solution‐processed OPV module with an inverted architecture.

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Progress in Materials, Solution Processes, and Long‐Term Stability for Large‐Area Organic Photovoltaics

et al. 2020

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processing at low cost compared with their inorganic counterparts. The first breakthrough in OPV technology was achieved by realizing BHJ active layers with nanoscale bicontinuous network structures of electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) materials; this structure enables efficient exciton separation at the D-A interface. [1] The development of push-pull-type donor polymers has effectively extended the light absorption range of OPVs into the near-infrared (NIR) region, which has ultimately led to substantial improvements in power conversion efficiency (PCE) to greater than 10%. In particular, highly crystalline donor polymers such as PffBT4T-2OD substantially improved charge-transport properties, enabling OPV devices with a BHJ film thickness greater than 200 nm to operate. [2] Historically, fullerene derivatives have been dominantly used as acceptors in OPVs because of their excellent electron-accepting and transporting properties and because they can be prepared with a morphology optimized for efficient charge-carrier generation and transport. [3,4] However, despite such promising characteristics, OPVs based on fullerene derivatives have drawbacks of limited light-absorption properties, poor energylevel tunability, and poor morphological and/or photochemical stability. [5,6] Over the past several years, tremendous efforts have been directed toward the development of nonfullerenebased OPVs to overcome these limitations. The advantages of nonfullerene acceptors over fullerenes include easily tunable energy levels, which enables OPVs to achieve substantially higher open-circuit voltages (V OC s) than conventional fullerenebased devices. [7] In addition, nonfullerene acceptors enable better light absorption properties and therefore generate higher photocurrents than fullerene derivatives. [8] Furthermore, nonfullerene acceptors with appropriate molecular tailoring can provide chemically stable photoactive materials, potentially enhancing long-term device stability. [5] Recent breakthroughs realized through the development of small molecular nonfullerene acceptors have resulted in remarkable enhancements in the PCEs of single-junction OPVs to greater than 17%, which demonstrates the potential for the large-scale manufacture of OPVs. [9] When translating photovoltaic technology from laboratory to commercial products, low cost, high PCE, and high Organic solar cells based on bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) are attractive energy-conversion devices that can generate electricity from absorbed sunlight by dissociating excitons and collecting charge carriers. Recent breakthroughs attained by development of nonfullerene acceptors result in significant enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCEs) exceeding 17%. However, most of researches have focused on pursuing high efficiency of small-area (<1 cm 2) unit cells fabricated usually with spin coating. For practical application of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) from lab-scale unit cells to industrial products, it is essential to develop efficient technologies that can extend act...

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All solution and ambient processable organic photovoltaic modules fabricated by slot-die coating and achieved a certified 7.56% power conversion efficiency

Cited by 31 publications

References 42 publications

Highly Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Photovoltaic Devices with 10% Power Conversion Efficiency Enabled by a Fine‐Tuned and Solution‐Processed Hole‐Transporting Layer

Highly Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Photovoltaic Devices with 10% Power Conversion Efficiency Enabled by a Fine‐Tuned and Solution‐Processed Hole‐Transporting Layer

Photoactive Material for Highly Efficient and All Solution‐Processed Organic Photovoltaic Modules: Study on the Efficiency, Stability, and Synthetic Complexity

Progress in Materials, Solution Processes, and Long‐Term Stability for Large‐Area Organic Photovoltaics

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