All-Solid-State Chloride-Selective Electrode Based on Poly(3-octylthiophene) and Tridodecylmethylammonium Chloride

The influence of spontaneous charging/discharging of conducting polymer ion-to-electron transducer on potentiometric responses of all-solid-state calcium-selective electrodes

“…Different members of the conducting polymer family, e.g. poly(pyrrole) [16,18,19,[30][31][32][33][34][35], poly(thiophene) [36,37], poly(aniline) [38,39] and more recently poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) [17,40,41] have been successfully applied to give all-solid-state based sensors (CP-ASS-ISE). The sensors obtained thus were characterized by their analytical parameters, including the selectivity, linear response range and potential stability, equivalent to the traditional high primary ion activities internal solution counterparts of the corresponding internal solution.…”

Potentiometric Ion Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers

“…Different types of chemical sensors have been prepared from conducting polymers by using functional dopants, like naphthalenesulfonates [62 ± 64], indigo carmine [65], bathophenantroline disulfonate [66,67], alizarin red S [68], bathocuproine sulfonate [69], sulfosalicylic acid [69 ± 71], hexacyanoferrate [72], tiron [70,71], eriochrome black T [70,71], kalces [70,71], arsenazo-I [71], calcon [71], p-tetrasulfonato-calix [4]arene [73,74], p-tetra- sulfonato-calix [6]arene [73,75], tetraphenylporphine tetrasulfonic acid [76], dodecylbenzene sulfonate [77], calmagite [78], calcion [79], 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-4,4'-disulfonate-1,2,4-triazine [80], di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate [81], bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]phosphate [82]. Also neutral ionophores, like 18-crown-6 [83], valinomycin [84], ETH 1001 [85], as well as the positively charged tridodecylmethylammonium ion [86] have been used as ionrecognition sites in conducting polymer membranes. The majority of these conducting polymers with (non-covalently) immobilized ion-recognition sites were studied as potentiometric ion sensors (ion-selective electrodes, ISEs) [62 ± 65, 70 ± 72, 76 ± 79, 81, 82, 84 ± 86].…”

“…The majority of these conducting polymers with (non-covalently) immobilized ion-recognition sites were studied as potentiometric ion sensors (ion-selective electrodes, ISEs) [62 ± 65, 70 ± 72, 76 ± 79, 81, 82, 84 ± 86]. The potentiometric selectivities of these conducting polymer-based ISEs were in several cases comparable to those of conventional ISEs [50,51,57,60,61,76,82,84,86], which is very encouraging for the future developments of these materials. Interestingly, the anion-selectivity of PPy deviates clearly from the Hofmeister series, i.e., the selectivity is determined more by ion size than its lipophilicity [50,51].…”

Novel all-solid-state copper(II) microelectrode based on a dithiomacrocycle as a neutral carrier

“…In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the field of ISEs based on all solid-state contact free of inner reference solution using different materials as an intermediary layer [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”