All sol—gel electrochromic system for plate glass

Munro, Brian; Krämer, Stefanie; Zapp, Patrick; Krug, Herbert; Schmidt, Helmut K.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3093(97)00273-1

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One literature example 62 describes a device based on glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane with addition of ionic salt and a zirconium alkoxide. This electrolyte could be injected into the cell and cross-linked by heating to 100 °C.…”

Section: Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochromic glazing

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochromic glazing

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although porous and thick coatings of 450 nm (Ti02) or 600 tim (mixed sols) were obtained, the small intercalated charge of 2 to 3 mC/cm2 observed for all cerium-titanium oxide coatings may be due to the anatase crystalline structure. Previously studied Ce02-Ti02 sol-gel layers showing higher Li-ion charge capacity, were X-ray amorphous [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]15]. Amorphous layers were obtained by another route [15], whereby intercalated charges of 6 mC/cm2 were achieved in 1 M LiClO4 without water with a Ce02-Ti02 layer with Ce/Ti mole ratio of 1 after 300 CV cycles (scan rate 5OmV/s).…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thick Ce02-Ti02 single coatings (200 nm) were prepared by Munro et. al [7][8][9] using Ce(N03)3 6H20 and titanium isopropoxide in ethanol in one dipping process. Similar coatings were obtained by Kéomany et al [10] by mixing two alkoxides, Ce(OBus) 4 and Ti(OBu)4, whereby they were found amorphous for concentrations of CeO2 below 50 % and the size of the CeO2 nanocrystallites included in the Ti02 amorphous matrix increases from -4 nm for 5 % CeO2 to 5 nm for pure CeO2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thick CeO 2 -TiO 2 sol-gel coatings for Li-ion storage electrode in electrochromic devices

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ce02-Ti02 sol-ge! coatings are well known as Li-ion storage electrode in electrochromic (EC) devices of the form glass! TEL W03! electrolyte! Ce02-Ti02! TEl glass (TE: transparent electrode, e.g. Sn02:F, FTO). The charge capacity of the Ce02-Ti02 coating is a limiting factor to get a high coloration intensity of such devices. In order to improve the charge capacity ofthese electrodes, new routes for the preparation ofthick porous Ce02-Ti02 sol-gel layers were tested.One route was the preparation of thick porous Ti02 coatings on a conducting glass support (FTO) using a solution of colloidal Ti02 particles. After heat treatment at temperatures up to 550°C the coatings were soaked in a solution of a cerium-TV (Ce(NH4)2(N03)6) or a cerium-ITT salt (Ce(N03)3 6H20) and heat treated again. Another route was the preparation of sols by mixing a solution ofthe cerium-TV or the cerium-ITT salt or a colloidal Ce02-sol with the colloidal solution of Ti02. After dip coating on FTO-glass the coatings were also heat treated at temperatures up to 500°C. All these coatings were studied electrochemically in 1 M LiClO4 in propylene carbonate electrolyte. Although thick porous single coatings could be obtained, typically 450 nm for Ti02 and 600 nm for cerium-titanium oxide, the intercalated and deintercalated Li charges remain small and lie in the range of 2 mC!cm2 to 3 mC!cm2. The reasons for such low charge capacity is discussed.

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, the thermal treatment somewhat deteriorates the electrochromic properties, especially the switching speed. 8,9 Hence, fabrication of stable lms, which do not require thermal post-treatment, is highly desired for electrochromism.Typically, a self-assembled monolayer can incorporate a wide range of functional groups both in the alkyl chain and at the chain terminal. 10-15 Accordingly, a variety of surfaces with specic interactions can be produced with ne chemical control.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-assembled polymer layers of linear polyethylenimine for enhancing electrochromic cycling stability

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A self-assembled polymer of linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) on indium tin oxide (ITO) is found to stabilize the titanium-doped vanadium oxide film. After modification by LPEI, the oxide film shows good cycling stability, and sustains over 1500 cycles in a threeelectrode system, a remarkable improvement compared to that without LPEI modification.Transition metal oxides such as tungsten, vanadium, titanium and molybdenum oxides are among the most studied electrochromic materials. 1-3 Out of these transition metal oxides, vanadium oxide shows anodic and cathodic coloration, and its electrochromism is attributed to a reversible reduction/oxidation process accompanying the intercalation/deintercalation of cations and electrons. Vanadium oxide has been studied extensively as a counter electrode in electrochromic devices; 4-7 however, reports on its intrinsic electrochromic properties are very limited as compared with other metal oxides due to some disadvantages of low conductivity, narrow optical modulation, and inferior cycling stability. Furthermore, thermal treatment is always required for the fabrication of vanadium oxide lms, especially for those synthesized from aqueous solutions, in order to ensure that the lms rmly adhere to the substrates. Nevertheless, the thermal treatment somewhat deteriorates the electrochromic properties, especially the switching speed. 8,9 Hence, fabrication of stable lms, which do not require thermal post-treatment, is highly desired for electrochromism.Typically, a self-assembled monolayer can incorporate a wide range of functional groups both in the alkyl chain and at the chain terminal. 10-15 Accordingly, a variety of surfaces with specic interactions can be produced with ne chemical control. Polymers are also used to modify the surface properties, especially in the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly system. 16,17 Herein, a layer of linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) was introduced for increasing the interfacial interaction between vanadiumbased oxide lm and ITO substrate to enhance the lm stability. Modication of the ITO surface by LPEI polymer offers a few advantages: (1) it does not block electron transfer at the electrode surface and (2) it improves the adhesion between the metal oxide and the ITO substrate due to the electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Therefore, the modication of the ITO surface by the LPEI polymer enhances the stability of the as-prepared lm that therefore eliminates the need for thermal treatment. This is likely to pave the way for fabricating electrochromic materials on thermally sensitive substrates, such as polymers.For comparison, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) was also selected to modify the ITO substrate. Aer modication by LPEI and PDDA, a positively charged surface on ITO was obtained. The modied ITO was used as the working electrode for the electrochemical deposition of titanium doped vanadium oxide lms (see the ESI † for the detailed procedure). The introduction of a titanium component into the vanadium oxide lm was ...

show abstract

All sol—gel electrochromic system for plate glass

Cited by 29 publications

References 4 publications

Electrochromic glazing

Electrochromic glazing

Thick CeO 2 -TiO 2 sol-gel coatings for Li-ion storage electrode in electrochromic devices

Self-assembled polymer layers of linear polyethylenimine for enhancing electrochromic cycling stability

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About