2022
DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.101515
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All soft contact lenses are not created equal

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Cited by 16 publications
(16 citation statements)
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References 151 publications
(206 reference statements)
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“…26 Contact lenses are not “one size fits all”; wearing nonprescription lenses is not advised, because differences in lens properties can alter fit, performance, and lead to additional complications. 28,29 Furthermore, the risk of CL infection has been found to be greatest in patients between 15 and 25 years old and decorative lens wearers. 26 Both groups tend to have less wear experience and be less likely to adhere to safe wear practices; they are more likely to engage in risky behaviors such as sleeping, showering, and swimming in lenses, infrequent replacement, and poor hygiene.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…26 Contact lenses are not “one size fits all”; wearing nonprescription lenses is not advised, because differences in lens properties can alter fit, performance, and lead to additional complications. 28,29 Furthermore, the risk of CL infection has been found to be greatest in patients between 15 and 25 years old and decorative lens wearers. 26 Both groups tend to have less wear experience and be less likely to adhere to safe wear practices; they are more likely to engage in risky behaviors such as sleeping, showering, and swimming in lenses, infrequent replacement, and poor hygiene.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…9 An increased risk of infection may also occur if the lenses are worn overnight because of reduced oxygen transmissibility. 9 Importantly, contact lenses do not simply differ across manufacturers, including large commercial and custom laboratories, but they also even vary within the same brand of lenses. For example, the entire Johnson & Johnson Vision ACUVUE Brand portfolio of soft lenses encompasses more than 12 different brands and more than 12,000 stock-keeping units in the United States to meet the individual needs of each patient.…”
Section: Contact Lenses Are Complex and Not Interchangeablementioning
confidence: 99%
“… 9 11 Inappropriately increasing lens thickness, for example, can reduce oxygen transmissibility (especially in higher prescriptions) and cause increased eye redness, neovascularization, and corneal swelling, as well as reduced lens comfort. 9 An increased risk of infection may also occur if the lenses are worn overnight because of reduced oxygen transmissibility. 9 …”
Section: Contact Lenses Are Complex and Not Interchangeablementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…大家好!我是彩色的隐形眼镜--美瞳。其实我的学名为隐形眼镜彩片,简称彩片。我是角膜 接触镜大家族里最年轻、最美丽的成员。缤纷多彩的颜色和精美制作的花纹使我的主人们在配戴我 之后,眼睛可以显得更加明亮,呈现出不同的色彩,因此,我备受漂亮小姐姐们的欢迎! 在我们美瞳的大家庭里,我的家人们屈光不正度数为0到800不等。通常,近视度数小于100或不 近视的主人可以配戴无度数美瞳,而近视大于100度的主人也可配戴相应矫正度数的美瞳,替代透明 隐形眼镜或框架眼镜。 很多小主人以为我只是涂上了颜料的普通镜片,是框架眼镜镜片的缩小版。其实,我可不是一 层普通的镜片,我的身体内部可有着精妙的结构呢!请和我一起进入我的结构世界,探索我的结构 奥秘吧! 1 揭开我的结构奥秘 首先,请跟随我环绕整个镜片步行一周,了解一下我的整体结构吧! 我的身体结构就像一个三明治,共有三层:最内层为透明镜片,与角膜宝宝亲密相拥;中间夹 着色素层,最外层也是透明镜片,与内层相同(图1a)。这种科学又安全的设计被称为"三明治夹层技 术",即把色素层嵌在两层透明镜片之间,让脆弱敏感的角膜宝宝不用直接接触色素 [1] 。 推门而入,映入眼帘的就是我的外层透明镜片了。你看,单体小朋友们正热情地手拉着手,和 我们打招呼呢!甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(图2)……这些都是组成我水凝 胶身体的单体小伙伴们 [2] 。在光照或高温以及交联剂姐姐的帮忙下,千千万万的单体小伙伴们经自 由基共聚,万众一心,形成了高分子网状结构 [3] 。 图1 (a) 美瞳的"三明治"结构;(b) 经真空干燥后的水凝胶电镜图 图2 常见水凝胶单体结构 "城门城门几丈高?三十六丈高!骑大马,带大刀,走进城门瞧一瞧!"水凝胶正和氧气宝宝 们一起玩着钻"城门"的游戏呢!水凝胶的单体小伙伴们拉起了小手,撑起了一个个"门洞"即水 通道,让氧气宝宝们一个接着一个自由通过(图1b)。一个个"城门的门洞"相连,共同构成了供氧气 宝宝奔跑的快速通道。钻过层层"门洞",氧气宝宝们就可以到达角膜的表面,给角膜供氧啦 [4] ! 究竟能有多少氧气宝宝顺利通过"门洞",抵达角膜呢?这就得看水凝胶本身的实力和镜片的 厚度啦!透氧系数为氧气在角膜接触镜材料中的扩散系数D与溶解系数k的乘积,代表着水凝胶本身 的实力;用它再除以镜片的平均厚度,就可以获得整个镜片的总体评价--透氧率。虽然水凝胶里 有"门洞"的存在,但镜片这堵"城墙"还是将很多氧气宝宝残忍地拒之门外。通常水凝胶材料的 透氧率只有9.2-32.5,大多难以达到透氧率大于24的规定 [5] 。 为了能让更多的氧气宝宝通过层层孔洞,顺利抵达角膜,我经历了很多次成长与蜕变。现在最 棒的硅水凝胶材料身体,还得多亏了硅烷和硅氧烷哥哥们的鼎力相助呢!图3就是一种硅水凝胶哥哥 的身影啦!其中最帅气的硅氧烷哥哥们身高臂长,身材魁梧,手拉手撑起了更大更宽的"门洞", 其亲水性的支链基团也能够让更多的氧气宝宝们通过孔洞,顺利抵达角膜 [4] 。别看硅氧基团身材高 大,他们却是"灵活的胖子"呢!他们让硅水凝胶拥有了更好的链柔顺性,让氧气能够更加顺利地 扩散,因此,我的透氧率也上升到了80-180,在透氧性能方面飞速提分 [5] ! 图3 一种包含亲水性支链的硅水凝胶结构示意图 [6] 其实,我"三明治结构"的最内层镜片也用上了硅水凝胶材料呢!硅氧基团的加入使我的内层 镜片具有了较好的疏水性,我不再喜欢和蛋白质宝宝紧紧拥抱在一起啦!蛋白质宝宝不再粘附并沉 积在我的表面,使我拥有更好的抗蛋白沉淀性。较低的粘附性也大大减少了我与角膜宝宝的摩擦, 有效减少佩戴时我对角膜宝宝的磨损,摘戴就更加方便啦! 但是,硅氧基团这些疏水的大糙汉子们使我的亲水性下降,会让角膜宝宝出现干涩的症状。别 着急,咱们还有人美心善的内部润湿剂小姐姐们呢!你看,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等热心地前来帮忙调和, 让我变得更加水润,可以重新与水分子亲密相拥,大大提升了我的亲水性。因此,经过全新升级的 硅水凝胶材料全方位提升了我的生物相容性 [7,8] 。 在揭秘了透明部分的身体结构后,下面就到了最激动人心的时刻,该介绍我的"灵魂"--色 素层了!色素层是在水凝胶或硅水凝胶的基础上染色而成。斑斓的色彩,诗意的晕染,色素宛如"点 睛之笔",让眼睛焕然一新、光彩动人。这些绚烂的颜色由氧化铁黑、氧化铁棕、氧化铁黄、氧化 铁红、咔唑紫、酞菁铜和二氧化钛等多种颜料调和而成 [9,10] 。通过混染法、浸染法、共价结合法和印 染法,经过一步步精密的操作,神奇的颜料把原本平庸透明的我变成了闪耀璀璨的模样。在和角膜 宝宝完美相拥下,小主人的双眸仿佛坠入星辰,深邃如银河。…”
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