All printed soft actuators based on ionic liquid/polymer hybrid materials

Correia, Daniela M.; Fernandes, Liliana C.; Pereira, Nélson; Barbosa, João C.; Serra, João P.; Pinto, Rafael S.; Costa, Carlos M.; Lanceros‐Méndez, S.

doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100928

Cited by 22 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…45−47 The absorption bands at 2061 cm −1 in both IL/PVDF-HFP composites comprising ILs with [Emim] + and [Bmim] + cations sharing the same anion, [Co(SCN) 4 ], are attributed to the C−N vibration modes. 39,48 Upon IL incorporation, and independently of the IL type, the intensity of the absorption band at 840 cm −1 increases, accompanied by a decrease in the intensity of the absorption band at 764 cm −1 , indicating that the ILs lead to a conformation change of PVDF-HFP from the α to the β phase. The quantification of the β phase content in the IL/ PVDF-HFP composites was performed using eq 1, 22 and the results are shown in Figure 5b.…”

Section: Sample Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Independently of the IL type, the β phase content increases in the composites with respect to neat PVDF-HFP. This increase is more noticeable for 38,39 Further, the cation chain length influence of [Emim] + and [Bmim] + on the β phase content is also noticeable, with the polar phase content enhanced by The influence of the incorporation of the ILs on the thermal properties of the samples was evaluated by DSC and TGA analysis (Figure 6).…”

Section: Sample Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed decrease in both Young's modulus and σ y occurs as a result of the ILs' plasticizing effect in the polymer matrix, with this effect more noticeable for the composite PVDF-HFP/[Bmim] 2 [Co-(SCN) 4 ] due to the presence of strong ion−dipole interactions between the IL and the polymer matrix. 39 3.3. Magnetic Response and Ionic Conductivity.…”

Section: Sample Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Humidity Sensors Based on Magnetic Ionic Liquids Blended in Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)

Serra

Fernandes

Pereira

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) films incorporating 40 wt % of different types of imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) comprising different magnetic anions (tetrachloroferrate [FeCl 4 ] − , tetrathiocyanatocobaltate [Co(SCN) 4 ] 2− , and tetrachlorocobaltate [CoCl 4 ] 2− ) and imidazolium cation chain lengths (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) have been developed for humiditysensing applications. The influence of the different ILs on the morphology of the IL/PVDF-HFP composites has been evaluated, with a porous structure observed independently of the IL anion type and cation chain length. The inclusion of the ILs into PVDF-HFP induces polymer crystallization into the electroactive β phase, with the increase more noticeable for PVDF-HFP/[Bmim][FeCl 4 ], which reaches a β phase content of 85%. The degree of crystallinity slightly decreases with the incorporation of the filler and the incorporation of [Bmim] 2 [CoCl 4 ], [Bmim] 2 [Co(SCN) 4 ], and [Emim] 2 [Co(SCN) 4 ], leading to a degree of crystallinity between 11 and 13%. A decrease in the thermal stability and yield strength is observed in the hybrid samples with respect to neat PVDF-HFP, with this decrease being more noticeable for the PVDF-HFP/[Bmim] 2 [Co(SCN) 4 ] samples. Further, the highest magnetization has been obtained for the PVDF-HFP/[Bmim] 2 [Co-(SCN) 4 ] and PVDF-HFP/[Bmim][FeCl 4 ] composites with similar filler concentrations. The suitability of the developed materials for humidity sensing has been evaluated by analyzing the impedance variation with varying relative humidity from 30 to 85%. [Bmim] 2 [CoCl 4 ]/PVDF-HFP displays the highest relative humidity (RH) sensing response of −2245 ± 240 Ω/RH. Finally, the applicability of the developed hybrid IL/polymer composites has been demonstrated by the development of a real-time breathing monitoring device.

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Section: Sample Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Humidity Sensors Based on Magnetic Ionic Liquids Blended in Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)

Serra

Fernandes

Pereira

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…Due to their versatility, they can be applied in a large variety of areas including tissue engineering 4 , photocatalytic applications 5 or energy storage 6 . One of the most important implementation areas, nevertheless, are in sensor and actuator applications 7,8 . In particular, smart materials are able to convert an electrical stimulus into a mechanical response, leading therefore to suitable actuator responses 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure8ashows the displacement developed by the sample obtained at 25 ºC comprising 10, 20 and 40 w/w % of[Ch][DHP] and at 80 ºC (Figure8b) at applied voltage of 9 V in a DC mode as a function of time. The observed bending response with the applied voltage results from the different sizes of cations and anions and their movement and diffusion to the negative and positive electrode layers, respectively8,58 (Figure8 c). As a result, the cations and anions from the IL migrate and redistribute near to the electrodes, leading to a electromechanical response58 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally friendly carrageenan-based ionic-liquid driven soft actuators

et al. 2022

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Comparative Assessment of Ionic Liquid‐Based Soft Actuators Prepared by Film Casting Versus Direct Ink Writing

et al. 2021

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Multifunctional materials support many technological advances in materials science required by the increasing interactivity demand of the Internet of Things (IoT). [1] Among multifunctional materials, smart materials allow their implementation as sensing materials as they transduce different physicoÀchemical solicitations. Those materials include piezoelectric, pyroelectric, magnetostrictive, magnetoelectric, or shape memory materials, among others. [2] Electroactive polymers (EAPs) and their composites are an important class of smart materials applied in technological applications such as sensors and actuators, [3] biomedical, [4] environmental, [5] and energy harvesting [6] and storage applications, [7] among others, based on their active response but also on their tailorable mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties and versatility with respect to the processing techniques, including compatibility with additive manufacturing technologies.Within the EAP class, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and their copolymers are the most relevant for many piezo-, pyro-, and ferroelectric applications and stand out in comparison with other polymers for their higher dielectric constant and piezoelectric coefficient,

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All printed soft actuators based on ionic liquid/polymer hybrid materials

Cited by 22 publications

References 69 publications

Humidity Sensors Based on Magnetic Ionic Liquids Blended in Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)

Humidity Sensors Based on Magnetic Ionic Liquids Blended in Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)

Environmentally friendly carrageenan-based ionic-liquid driven soft actuators

Comparative Assessment of Ionic Liquid‐Based Soft Actuators Prepared by Film Casting Versus Direct Ink Writing

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