All‐Printed, Foldable Organic Thin‐Film Transistors on Glassine Paper

Hyun, Woo Jin; Secor, Ethan B.; Rojas, Geoffrey; Hersam, Mark C.; Francis, Lorraine F.; Frisbie, C. Daniel

doi:10.1002/adma.201503478

Cited by 182 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…To increase the conductivity of final structures, post-processing methods, such as long-time thermal annealing [19,20,24] or compression rolling, [23,26] can be employed, thus, increasing the application potential of graphene-based printable conductors. In particular, thermal annealing is known to be a very efficient method to improve the conductivity of graphene, [19,20,24,27] as it results in desorption of the surface contaminants and degradation of binders and other ink components, e.g., rheology modifiers. However, the commonly used substrates, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and paper, do not tolerate long-time treatment at temperatures above 150 C, thus, preventing conventional thermal annealing approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13] Even though the field of printable conductors is still mainly focused on metalbased (Ag, Cu, %50 mΩ & À1 at 25 mm thickness) [13,14] inks and PEDOT:PSS dispersions (%50 Ω & À1 ), [15] graphene-based conductive inks are gaining attention both from science [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and technology. [25] Unfortunately, the conductive properties of graphene inks and printed structures thereof are still far from being a replacement for silver and copper inks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conductivity Enhancement of Binder‐Based Graphene Inks by Photonic Annealing and Subsequent Compression Rolling

et al. 2016

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This paper describes a combination of photonic annealing and compression rolling to improve the conductive properties of printed binder‐based graphene inks. High‐density light pulses result in temperatures up to 500 °C that along with a decrease of resistivity lead to layer expansion. The structural integrity of the printed layers is restored using compression rolling resulting in smooth, dense, and highly conductive graphene films. The layers exhibit a sheet resistance of less than 1.4 Ω □−1 normalized to 25 µm thickness. The proposed approach can potentially be used in a roll‐to‐roll manner with common substrates, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and paper, paving thereby the road toward high‐volume graphene‐printed electronics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductivity Enhancement of Binder‐Based Graphene Inks by Photonic Annealing and Subsequent Compression Rolling

et al. 2016

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confidence: 99%

“…For example, ink annealing at 250 °C and higher for 30 min [ 18,24,25 ] signifi cantly limits the range of suitable substrates and fundamentally limits high speed R2R industrial realization. Thus, the design of graphene inks that meet the requirements of current R2R applications is still to be accomplished.There are several reports on the preparation of graphene-based inks comprising either graphene oxide (GO), [ 17,19,23,[27][28][29][30] or graphite exfoliated with [ 13,16,18,22,24,25 ] and without [ 20 ] surface active agents. The preparation of inks based on GO is relatively simple.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Screen Printing Inks by Gelation of Graphene Dispersions

Arapov

Rubingh

Abbel

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

149

119

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vital [ 25 ] as it facilitates thick layers (of up to 100 µm) in a single pass, however, at the expense of a lower printing defi nition.Following screen printing typically posttreatments such as drying, annealing, or top-coating are employed to maximize conductivities. The conditions of post-treatment defi ne the substrate that can be used for printing. For example, ink annealing at 250 °C and higher for 30 min [ 18,24,25 ] signifi cantly limits the range of suitable substrates and fundamentally limits high speed R2R industrial realization. Thus, the design of graphene inks that meet the requirements of current R2R applications is still to be accomplished.There are several reports on the preparation of graphene-based inks comprising either graphene oxide (GO), [ 17,19,23,[27][28][29][30] or graphite exfoliated with [ 13,16,18,22,24,25 ] and without [ 20 ] surface active agents. The preparation of inks based on GO is relatively simple. However, due to the low conductivity of GO these inks require harsh post-treatments that make them less relevant to industrial applications. Liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite with or without surfactant by ultrasonication, [ 20,[31][32][33][34] or high-shear mixing [ 22,35 ] is a fl exible, and in the latter case a scalable manufacturing approach. [ 35 ] Nevertheless prolonged high shearing still requires separation of nonexfoliated graphite while the resulting dispersions consist mainly of small (<500 nm) graphene sheets. [ 33,34,36 ] Hence the quality [ 20 ] is far from the one obtained by micromechanical cleavage. [ 37 ] In contrast, expanded graphite (EG) demonstrates much better dispersibility than graphite due to signifi cantly weakened van der Waals interactions on account of an increased distance between the layers. [ 13,[38][39][40] This results in much shorter times and smaller energy input to obtain well-exfoliated concentrated dispersions of typically large (>1 µm) fl ake graphene. [ 39,41 ] Colloidal stability, however, as for the exfoliation of graphite, requires the presence of surface active agents and can be adjusted accordingly. The quality of graphene in EG depends on the precursor used for expansion. For instance, EG obtained from GO exhibits a highly defective structure, [ 41,42 ] whereas EG obtained from either donor-or acceptor-type intercalation compounds (IC) exhibits a much smaller amount of defects and, thus, is more suitable for highly conductive inks. [39][40][41] One of the approaches for ink preparation comprises stabilization of graphene dispersions by surfactants or surface active polymers on account of charge or van der Waals repulsion. This stabilization has been studied and reported by many research

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“…Many research groups have fabricated conductive electrodes using different carbon-based fillers, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) [9], graphene (G) [10] and graphene oxide (GO) [11]. Though all these materials offer excellent conductive properties, the raw materials are expensive and not easily modifiable in order to improve the conductive features of the final devices [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined XRD, Solvatochromic, and Cyclic Voltammetric Study of Poly (3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Doped with Sulfonated Polyarylethersulfones: Towards New Conducting Polymers

et al. 2018

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Despite the poor solubility in organic solvents, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is one of the most successful conducting polymers. To improve PEDOT conductivity, the dopants commonly used are molecules/polymers carrying sulfonic functionalities. In addition to these species, sulfonated polyarylethersulfone (SPAES), obtained via homogeneous synthesis with different degrees of sulfonation (DS), can be used thanks to both the tight control over the DS and the charge separation present in SPAES structure. Here, PEDOTs having enhanced solubility in the chosen reaction solvents (N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) were synthesized via a high-concentration solvent-based emulsion polymerization with very low amounts of SPAES as dopant (1% w/w with respect to EDOT monomer), characterized by different DS. The influence of solvents and of the adopted doping agent was studied on PEDOT_SPAESs analyzing (i) the chemical structure, comparing via X-ray diffraction (XRD) the crystalline structures of undoped and commercial PEDOTs with PEDOT_SPAES' amorphous structure; (ii) solvatochromic behavior, observing UV absorption wavelength variation as solvents and SPAES' DS change; and (iii) electrochemical properties: voltammetric peak heights of PEDOT_SPAES cast onto glassy carbon electrodes differ for each solvent and in general are better than the ones obtained for neat SPAES, PEDOTs, and glassy carbon.

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All‐Printed, Foldable Organic Thin‐Film Transistors on Glassine Paper

Cited by 182 publications

References 41 publications

Conductivity Enhancement of Binder‐Based Graphene Inks by Photonic Annealing and Subsequent Compression Rolling

Conductivity Enhancement of Binder‐Based Graphene Inks by Photonic Annealing and Subsequent Compression Rolling

Conductive Screen Printing Inks by Gelation of Graphene Dispersions

A Combined XRD, Solvatochromic, and Cyclic Voltammetric Study of Poly (3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Doped with Sulfonated Polyarylethersulfones: Towards New Conducting Polymers

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