All-Printed 3D Solid-State Rechargeable Zinc-Air Microbatteries

Abstract

Lightweight, compact, integrated, and miniaturized energy devices are under high pursuit for portable and wearable electronics. However, improving the energy density per area still remains a long-standing challenge. Herein, we report the design and fabrication of a solid-state zinc-air microbattery (ZAmB) by a facile 3D direct printing technique. The interdigital electrodes, gel electrolyte, and encapsulation frame are all printed with a customized design by optimzing the composition of the printing inks to obtain the best battery performance. Multiple layers of interdigital electrodes are sequentially printed with a fine overlap to achieve an ultrahigh thickness of 2.5 mm for a remarkably increased specific areal energy of up to 77.2 mWh cm–2. To meet the practical powering requirements for different output voltages and currents, battery modules consisting of individual ZAmBs connected in series or parallel or a combination of the two are printed with a facile integration to external loads. Powering of LEDs, digital watch, and a miniature rotary motor and even charging of a smartphone by the printed ZAmB modules are successfully demonstrated. The versatile 3D direct printing technique enables the fabricated ZAmBs with an adjustable form factor and integration capability with other electronics, paving the way for exploring new energy systems with diverse structures and extended functionalities.

Advances in flexible zinc–air batteries: working principles, preparation of key components, and electrode configuration design

“…Through a 3D printing strategy and regulation of printing inks, Meng's group fabricated a 3D micro-F-ZAB (ZAmB) on which the interdigital air cathodes, zinc anodes, gel electrolytes, and encapsulation frames were all printed in precise controlled shapes, sizes and overlaps. 204 The ZAmB displayed a high OCV of 1.37 V, a large specic areal energy density of 77.2 mW h cm −2 , a remarkable areal capacity of 71.1 mA h cm −2 , and durable cycling stability over 150 cycles at 4 mA cm −2 . Meanwhile, due to the versatile 3D direct printing technique, the fabricated ZAmB revealed an adjustable form factor and outstanding integration capability.…”

Nanomedicine‐Enabled Mild Photothermal Therapy Strategies for Enhanced Antitumor Treatment

“…Thus far, several small molecule inhibitors of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) have been investigated in scientific research. These include gambogic acid (GA), [95] 17-allylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin (17-AAG), [96] Quercetin (Qu), [97] 2-phenylethynesulfonamide (PES), [98] ganetespib (STA-9090), [99] geldanamycin, [100] alvespimycin (17-DMAG), [101] luminespib (NVP-AUY922), [102] [103] epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), [104] 6-chloro-9-((4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl) methyl)-9H-purin-2-amine (BIIB021), 2-morpholino-8-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (LY294002), [105] and 4-[6,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,7-dihydroindazol-1-yl]-2-[(4-hydroxycyclohexyl) amino] benzamide (SNX-2112). [106] These small molecule inhibitors have demonstrated their potential in targeting HSPs.…”

A review of the preparation process and anode stabilization strategies of Zn microbatteries

“…Precision in 3D printing is achieved by adjusting the ratio of each ink component to meet viscosity requirements under different shear rates, facilitating high-precision preparation from ink to pattern. For instance, Zhu et al [50] successfully prepared electrode materials with high precision and excellent shape fidelity through direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing. This method can create electrodes of arbitrary shapes on various scales and was particularly successful in preparing high-rate alkali-based batteries.…”