shown that CRT reduces hospitalizations for heart failure and one trial showed CRT improves survival compared to medical therapy alone.Each criterion warrants further clarifi cation.Patients should have severe symptoms (NYHA III, IV) secondary to heart failure, usually as a result of ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy, despite optimal medical treatment before being considered for CRT.A common diffi culty is distinguishing NYHA II from NYHA III symptoms in a patient. As the NYHA classifi cation is extremely subjective, a better objective measurement of effort intolerance is the 6-minute walk test.Patients must cover the maximal distance possible in 6 minutes by walking and/or running and are allowed to rest if required. At Groote Schuur Hospital, we use a total distance ≥ 420m to correlate with NYHA II. This objective measurement helps to classify symptoms while providing a reference for future comparison. CRT for patients with NYHA II symptoms and for patients with end-stage heart failure (bailout therapy) is under investigation and is currently not recommended.Patients should be evaluated for CRT when all reversible and precipitating causes of heart failure have been addressed. It may take a further few months to titrate heart failure therapy to target doses recommended in clinical trials or to maximum doses tolerable by the patient. All patients should receive an ACE-I and/or ARB, beta-blocker and an aldosterone receptor blocker for prognostic and symptomatic benefi t (unless contraindicated). Diuretics should be given for fl uid retention and digoxin for additional symptomatic benefi t. It is not uncommon for a patient to meet all the criteria for CRT only to improve to a NYHA I or II status once lifestyle and precipitating factors have been addressed and stabilized on optimal medical therapy.