All optical switching and associated technologies: a review

Sasikala, V.; Chitra, K.

doi:10.1007/s12596-018-0452-3

Cited by 107 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The larger the associated change in the complex refractive index, the larger the amplitude and phase modulation effect will be. When combining NLO materials with passive components, the size and energy consumption also depend on the NLO response, hence a larger refractive index change is preferred (Miller, 2010;Sasikala and Chitra, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Optical Investigation of Microbial Chromoproteins

et al. 2020

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Optical Investigation of Microbial Chromoproteins

et al. 2020

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“…Minimized value of cross talk is the measure of purity of the signal and an important factor for an efficient optical switch. Moreover, nominal cross-talk is the key for the excellent performance of the devices such all-optical logic gates, optical circuits and quantum computing which can also leads to the development optical computers operating in ultra high speed network [36]. We have obtained 5% cross-talk as demonstrated in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

All-optical switching via coherent control of plasmon resonances

Dhama¹,

Panahpour²,

Pihlava³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A novel ultrafast all-optical switching mechanism is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally based on a plasmonic analogue of the effect of Enhancement of Index of Refraction(EIR) in quantum optics. In the quantum optical EIR the atomic systems are rendered by coherence and quantum interference to exhibit orders of magnitude higher index of refraction with vanishing or even negative absorption near their resonances. Similarly, in the plasmon induced EIR a probe signal can experience positive, zero or negative extinction while strongly interacting with a metallic nanorod in a metamolecule which is coherently excited by a control beam. The same mechanism is observed in the collective response of a square array of such metamolecules in the form of a metasurface to modulate the amplitude of a signal by coherent control of absorption from positive to negative values without implementing gain materials or nonlinear processes. This novel approach can be used for challenging the control of light by light at the extreme levels of space, time and intensity by applying ultra-short pulses interacting with ultrafast surface plasmons or extremely low intensity pulses at the level of single photon to a nanoscale single plasmonic metamolecule. The scheme also introduces an effective tool for improving the modulation strength of optical modulators and switches through amplification of the input signal.

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“…In XPH, the phase of each channel is modified by the power of co-propagation channels. Finally, in FWM, it is required into more than one channel to mixed together to transfer the data energy to the new ones [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Employing MZI-SOA to Design and Simulate the Optical OR Gate at A High Bit Rates of 250 Gbps

2022

IJIES

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Conventional logic gates failed to process data at a high bit rate. Therefore, researchers began to study the design of these gates with optical technology, which is characterized by high bit rate data processing. The non-linear behavior is a drawback in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). This nonlinearity property of the SOA is used in this paper to implement the OR optical gates. Mach-Zander interferometer (MZI)-based structures are among the numerous of structures that are available to transform a modulation of phase into a modulation of intensity. These are widely used by electro-optic (EO), or thermo-optic (TO) impacts to create various applications like optical modulators, splitters, switches, etc. In this paper, the MZI is used as switches and the SOA is employed with cross-gain modulation (XGM) to implement the optical logic gate OR at a high bit rate of 250 Gbps. Several experimental results were performed on the proposed design of the OR gate until the optimum value of the injection current, which is 0.08 A, was obtained. This optimum value led to achieve the lowest BER, highest Quality factor, and lowest power consumption, which are 0, 60.7989, and 31.13×10-3, respectively. The experimental results of the proposed design outperformed those results obtained by other state-of-the-art designs.

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All optical switching and associated technologies: a review

Cited by 107 publications

References 76 publications

Nonlinear Optical Investigation of Microbial Chromoproteins

Nonlinear Optical Investigation of Microbial Chromoproteins

All-optical switching via coherent control of plasmon resonances

Employing MZI-SOA to Design and Simulate the Optical OR Gate at A High Bit Rates of 250 Gbps

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