All-optical graphene modulator based on optical Kerr phase shift

Yu, Shaoliang; Wu, Xiaoqin; Chen, Keren; Chen, Bigeng; Guo, Xin; Dai, Daoxin; Tong, Limin; Liu, Weitao; Shen, Yan

doi:10.1364/optica.3.000541

Cited by 192 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Recently, graphene [7][8][9] has attracted enormous attention due to its unique electronic and photonic properties, including strong nonlinearity, high carrier mobility, ultrafast broadband response, high efficiency for light-matter interaction, and high thermal conductivity. Graphene-based structures have been exploited to realize saturable absorbers of fiber lasers [10][11][12], all-optical modulators [13,14], sensors [15] and broadband polarizers [16]. As far as polarizers are concerned, owing to the linear dispersion of Dirac electrons, graphene can selectively support TE or TM surface plasmon mode [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High extinction ratio D-shaped fiber polarizers coated by a double graphene/PMMA stack

Chu¹,

Guan²,

Yang³

et al. 2017

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally a high extinction ratio and compact size TE-pass polarizer made by a D-shaped fiber coated with a double graphene/PMMA stack. The light propagating in the core of the fiber can be efficiently coupled into the graphene sheet thanks to the giant enhancement of the modal evanescent field associated with the high refractive index graphene/PMMA cladding. The strong interaction between the light and graphene produces a large attenuation difference between modes with orthogonal polarizations, resulting in an improved extinction ratio and a reduced insertion loss due to the device compactness. A double graphene/PMMA stack coated polarizer with an extinction ratio of up to 36 dB and an insertion loss of 5 dB has been achieved when the device length is only 2.5 mm. The double graphene/PMMA stack has proved to be significantly better than single graphene/PMMA stack and bilayer graphene/PMMA structures, providing a polarizer with maximum extinction ratio of 44 dB for a length of 4 mm. The achieved results indicate that the proposed high extinction ratio polarizer is a promising candidate for novel in-fiber graphene-based devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High extinction ratio D-shaped fiber polarizers coated by a double graphene/PMMA stack

Chu¹,

Guan²,

Yang³

et al. 2017

Opt. Express

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“…In addition, Yu et al also used a graphene-clad microfiber to investigate the all-optical intensity modulation. As the peak power of switching light at 1.06 μm increased to 1.15 W, the modulation depth of probe laser at 1.55 μm can achieve 11.5% [28]. Liu et al also reported different modulation depths from a graphene-covered microfiber with single-layer and bilayer graphene [11].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saturated evanescent-wave absorption of few-layer graphene-covered side-polished single-mode fiber for all-optical switching

Peng

Lin

et al. 2017

Nanophotonics

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Using the evanescent-wave saturation effect of hydrogen-free low-temperature synthesized few-layer graphene covered on the cladding region of a side-polished single-mode fiber, a blue pump/infrared probe-based all-optical switch is demonstrated with specific wavelength-dependent probe modulation efficiency. Under the illumination of a blue laser diode at 405 nm, the fewlayer graphene exhibits cross-gain modulation at different wavelengths covering the C-and L-bands. At a probe power of 0.5 mW, the L-band switching throughput power variant of 16 μW results in a probe modulation depth of 3.2%. Blue shifting the probe wavelength from 1580 to 1520 nm further enlarges the switching throughput power variant to 24 mW and enhances the probe modulation depth to 5%. Enlarging the probe power from 0.5 to 1 mW further enlarges the switching throughput power variant from 25 to 58 μW to promote its probe modulation depth of up to 5.8% at 1520 nm. In contrast, the probe modulation depth degrades from 5.1% to 1.2% as the pumping power reduces from 85 to 24 mW, which is attributed to the saturable absorption of the few-layer graphene-based evanescent-wave absorber. The modulation depth at wavelength of 1550 nm under a probe power of 1 mW increases from 1.2% to 5.1%, as more carriers can be excited when increasing the blue laser power from 24 to 85 mW, whereas it decreases from 5.1% to 3.3% by increasing the input probe power from 1 to 2 mW to show an easier saturated condition at longer wavelength.

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“…In the parallel, optical modulators attracted a great amount of research interest in photonics and optoelectronics thanks to their large bandwidth and low loss, and achieved tremendous progress in pulsed laser engineering, optical information processing, environmental sensing and optical interconnects over the past few years . Various types of optical modulators had been developed based on different operation mechanisms, including electro‐optic, thermo‐optic, all‐optical modulators, etc. Among these, all‐optical modulators have been widely investigated for their fast response, broad bandwidth and compact size, within which the signal light can be modulated in photonic domain without applying any external electronic, thermal and/or other physics effects .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to obtain higher modulation depth, Yu et al. proposed a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure to convert the optical Kerr effect‐induced phase modulation into intensity modulation of the signal light, leading to a modulation depth and overall transmittance of 52.5% and 19%, respectively . In 2017, an all‐optical spatial switch was demonstrated in few layer bismuthene based on spatial cross‐phase modulation, where the diffraction ring numbers and patterns of one light were modulated by another light .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

All‐Optical Phosphorene Phase Modulator with Enhanced Stability Under Ambient Conditions

Wang

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2018

Laser & Photonics Reviews

163

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All‐optical modulators, wherein signal light can be manipulated by another controlling light, have recently emerged as a promising perspective in all‐optical communications, interconnects and signal processing. Herein, by taking advantage of the strong light‐matter interaction and thickness‐dependent direct energy bandgap in few‐layer phosphorene, an all‐fiber all‐optical modulator based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer comprising few‐layer fluorinated phosphorene‐deposited microfiber has been devised and further demonstrated with phase modulation ability. The phase shift of the signal light, capable of being converted into intensity modulation, could be readily controlled by the photothermal effect in phosphorene. A maximal phase shift of 8π is obtained at a control light of 290 mW, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 0.029 π mW−1. The optical information carried by the control light is successfully copied towards the signal light with a modulation depth of 17 dB and a rise time constant of 2.5 ms. Stability under ambient conditions is enhanced significantly thanks to atomistic fluorination in phosphorene that can overcome drawbacks of easy oxidation of intrinsic phosphorene and maintain performance for a long term. This prototypical phosphorene‐based all‐optical phase modulator will have a great potential to be applied in all‐optical information processing and be integrated into optical fiber systems.

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All-optical graphene modulator based on optical Kerr phase shift

Cited by 192 publications

References 42 publications

High extinction ratio D-shaped fiber polarizers coated by a double graphene/PMMA stack

High extinction ratio D-shaped fiber polarizers coated by a double graphene/PMMA stack

Saturated evanescent-wave absorption of few-layer graphene-covered side-polished single-mode fiber for all-optical switching

All‐Optical Phosphorene Phase Modulator with Enhanced Stability Under Ambient Conditions

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