All‐MXene‐Printed RF Resonators as Wireless Plant Wearable Sensors for In Situ Ethylene Detection

Abstract

Printed flexible electronics have emerged as versatile functional components of wearable intelligent devices that bridge the digital information networks with biointerfaces. Recent endeavors in plant wearable sensors provide real‐time and in situ insights to study phenotyping traits of crops, whereas monitoring of ethylene, the fundamental phytohormone, remains challenging due to the lack of flexible and scalable manufacturing of plant wearable ethylene sensors. Here the all‐MXene‐printed flexible radio frequency (RF) resonators are presented as plant wearable sensors for wireless ethylene detection. The facile formation of additive‐free MXene ink enables rapid, scalable manufacturing of printed electronics, demonstrating decent printing resolution (2.5% variation), ≈30000 S m−1 conductivity and mechanical robustness. Incorporation of MXene‐reduced palladium nanoparticles (MXene@PdNPs) facilitates 1.16% ethylene response at 1 ppm with 0.084 ppm limit of detection. The wireless sensor tags are attached on plant organ surfaces for in situ and continuously profiling of plant ethylene emission to inform the key transition of plant biochemistry, potentially extending the application of printed MXene electronics to enable real‐time plant hormone monitoring for precision agriculture and food industrial management.

MXene-Based Micro-Supercapacitors: Ink Rheology, Microelectrode Design and Integrated System

“…217,218 With this motivation, MXene MSCs have been extensively used to integrate with miniaturized sensor systems, including gas sensors, strain sensors, temperature sensors, and photodetectors. 137,143,208,210,215 Figure 16a illustrates one of the simplest systems for integrating MXene MSCs with miniaturized force sensors. 143 The asymmetric MXene MSCs can provide a voltage of 1.4 V and maintain it at 1.0 V after 1000 s, which is sufficient to drive the force sensor as a power source.…”

“…38 MXene demonstrates similar rheological properties in organic solvents as it does in aqueous dispersions, but there has been relatively little research conducted on this topic. 42,85,137 Zhang et al developed an organic Ti 3 C 2 T x ink formulation for inkjet printing and were able to achieve good printing results for microdevices. 42 Ti 3 C 2 T x exhibited shearthinning behavior in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methyl-2pyrrolidone (NMP), and ethanol, with corresponding Ohnesorge numbers (Z) of approximately 2.5 and 2.2 for DMSO and NMP, respectively, falling within the optimal range for stable jetting (1 < Z < 14).…”

“…Currently, the integration of MXene MSCs is mainly reflected in microsensing, filtering, photoelectric detection, and electromagnetic shielding. ,,,, Different applications require different performance levels from the MXene MSCs module, including voltage, current, power, and energy, among others, as shown in Table .…”

Internet of Things‐Enabled Food and Plant Sensors to Empower Sustainability

“…Insecticides (methyl parathion) [101] RF resonators as wireless plant wearable sensor Agriculture and food sectors Phytohormone (ethylene) [170] Microcontroller-enabled jasmonate sensor…”

“…[ 130 ] A wireless monitoring of jasmonate was developed by the direct growth of pyrite iron sulfide (FeS 2 ) on cellulose paper and integrated with a microcontroller; sensing data were transported remotely to a smartphone via Bluetooth. [ 131 ] Still hormones analysis (sampling, extraction, purification, and concentration) in plants is challenging because of the minute concentrations of hormones in plant leaves. Advanced sensing technologies have been developed for the accurate and timely estimation of plant hormones.…”