Abstract:Although there is broad agreement that investments in early childhood education are important, questions about the e↵ectiveness of di↵erent types of programs persist. We study the e↵ects of two distinct types of kindergarten programs in the Philippines: the Jumpstart kindergarten program, administered by a local faith-based NGO implemented between 2005 and 2017, and a government-sponsored kindergarten program that began to be introduced nation-wide in 2012. Exploiting the timing of the roll-out of these two pr… Show more
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.