All For One and One For All on the Tick–Host Battlefield

Chmelař, Jindrǐch; Kotál, Jan; Kopecký, Jan; Pedra, Joao H. F.; Kotsyfakis, Michail

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2016.01.004

Cited by 85 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

113

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The primary line of host defense also relies on complex hemostatic and immunological responses of the host against ectoparasites. For example, ticks counteract the host response and successfully survive attached to the skin of their host via the secretion of a complex mixture of molecules present in tick saliva (Rodriguez-Valle et al, 2010;Chmelar, 2016;Xu et al, 2016). Host -parasite interactions have been studied using proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of economically important ticks such as A. americanus (Aljamali et al, 2009), D. andersoni (Alarcon-Chaidez, 2007, Ixodes pacificus (Francischetti et al, 2005), Rhipicephalus microplus (Rodriguez- Valle et al, 2010), and others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Host -parasite interactions have been studied using proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of economically important ticks such as A. americanus (Aljamali et al, 2009), D. andersoni (Alarcon-Chaidez, 2007, Ixodes pacificus (Francischetti et al, 2005), Rhipicephalus microplus (Rodriguez- Valle et al, 2010), and others. These reports concluded that tick proteins secreted into the tick's attachment site inhibit host hemostatic and immunological responses by diverse mechanisms (Francischetti et al, 2009) sequences which leads to important structural modifications that affect their specific functions (Schwarz et al, 2014;Chmelar, 2016). Also, peptide members of the Kunitz protein family have diverse activities in venomous scorpions and spiders eg LmKKT-1a, huwentoxin-1, huwentoxin-2, and magi-1 families that inhibit proteases and ion channels (Chen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RasKLP from Rhipicephalus appendiculatu, is a member of Kunitz family with a highly modified structure that activates maxi K channels but loses its protease inhibition activity, suggesting its potential role in the regulation of host blood influx during tick feeding (Paesen et al, 2009;Schwarz et al, 2014). In the I. holocyclus SG, the serine protease inhibitors (serpins) would also be important factors for overcoming the hemostatic response of the host by affecting the coagulation, platelet aggregation and complement activation (Rodriguez Valle et al, 2015;Chmelar, 2016;Xu et al, 2016). In this study, serpins were also identified in the viscera transcriptome which would also be associated with the digestion of host blood proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Transcriptome and toxin family analysis of the paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus

Rodriguez-Valle

Moolhuijzen

Barrero

et al. 2018

International Journal for Parasitology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Australian paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus) secretes neuropathic toxins into saliva that induce host paralysis. Salivary glands and viscera were dissected from fully engorged female I. holocyclus ticks collected from dogs and cats with paralysis symptoms. cDNA from both tissue samples were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 100 bp pair end read technologies. Unique and nonredundant holocyclotoxin (HT) sequences were designated as HT2 to HT19, as none were identical to the previously described HT1. Specific binding to rat synaptosomes was determined for synthetic HTs, and their neurotoxic capacity was determined by neonatal mouse assay. They induced a powerful paralysis in neonatal mice, particularly HT4 which produced rapid and strong respiratory distress in all animals tested. This is the first known genomic database developed for the Australian paralysis tick. The database contributed to the identification and subsequent characterization of the holocyclotoxin family that will inform the development of novel anti-paralysis control methods.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transcriptome and toxin family analysis of the paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus

Rodriguez-Valle

Moolhuijzen

Barrero

et al. 2018

International Journal for Parasitology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hirudin isolated from leeches possesses strong anticoagulation ability and has been used in antithrombotic therapy and in combination with tumor chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasitic arthropods that produce various bioactive molecules that display both pluripotency and redundancy, particularly proteins present in the saliva and saliva gland [27]. Other studies have described different native and recombinant proteins with antitumor effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tick Cysteine Protease Inhibitor RHcyst-1 Exhibits Antitumor Potential

Wei

Wang

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background/Aims: We previously identified a potent and tight-binding inhibitor of cysteine proteases from Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, RHcyst-1, which belongs to the cystatin type 1 family. Cathepsins, which are members of the cysteine protease family, participate in various pathological processes, including the initiation and development of cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of RHcyst-1 and to explore the underlying mechanism of these effects. Methods: Different tumor cells were treated with RHcyst-1 in vitro. Proliferation activity was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8, and migration and invasion were determined by wound healing and Transwell® invasion assays. In addition, a mouse tumor therapy model was established by inoculating the left forelimb of mice with B16-F10 cells, and tumor progression was evaluated by assessing tumor volume and survival. Flow cytometry was conducted to evaluate myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T cell levels in PBMCs and spleens. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze immune cell infiltration and angiogenesis in the tumors. Results: RHcyst-1 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of all four different tumor cells in vitro. Additionally, it inhibited tumor growth and improved survival in vivo. A decrease and an increase in MDSCs levels were observed in PBMCs and in the spleen, respectively, after RHcyst-1 application. Conclusions: Tick RHcyst-1 has potential antitumor efficacy, and the observed antitumor activities may be partly attributable to changes in cathepsin expression and MDSCs levels in the PBMCs and spleens. The findings of the present study suggest that RHcyst-1 may have the potential to be utilized in cancer treatment.

show abstract

“…In ticks, CRTs are important components of tick saliva, which plays a pivotal role in tick feeding and pathogen transmission to hosts by acting as anti-haemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecules [7–15]. In this context, CRTs have been suggested to play a modulating role in host haemostasis [9, 16, 17] and have been shown to be highly immunogenic to tick mammalian hosts [18–21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exon-intron structure and sequence variation of the calreticulin gene among Rhipicephalus sanguineus group ticks

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCalreticulin proteins (CRTs) are important components of tick saliva, which is involved in the blood meal success, pathogen transmission and host allergic responses. The characterization of the genes encoding for salivary proteins, such as CRTs, is pivotal to understand the mechanisms of tick-host interaction during blood meal and to develop tick control strategies based on their inhibition. In hard ticks, crt genes were shown to have only one intron with conserved position among species. In this study we investigated the exon-intron structure and variation of the crt gene in Rhipicephalus spp. ticks in order to assess the crt exon-intron structure and the potential utility of crt gene as a molecular marker.MethodsWe sequenced the exon-intron region of crt gene in ticks belonging to so-called tropical and temperate lineages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato), Rhipicephalus sp. I, Rhipicephalus sp. III, Rhipicephalus sp. IV, R. guilhoni, R. muhsamae and R. turanicus. Genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships between the sequences obtained were estimated.ResultsAll individuals belonging to the tropical lineage of R. sanguineus (s.l.), R. guilhoni, R. muhsamae, R. turanicus, Rhipicephalus sp. III and Rhipicephalus sp. IV analysed showed crt intron-present alleles. However, both crt intron-present and intron-absent alleles were found in Rhipicephalus sp. I and the temperate lineage of R. sanguineus (s.l.), showing the occurrence of an intraspecific intron presence-absence polymorphism. Phylogenetic relationships among the crt intron-present sequences showed distinct lineages for all taxa, with the tropical and temperate lineages of R. sanguineus (s.l.) being more closely related to each other.ConclusionsWe expanded previous studies about the characterization of crt gene in hard ticks. Our results highlighted a previously overlooked variation in the crt structure among Rhipicephalus spp., and among hard ticks in general. Notably, the intron presence/absence polymorphism observed herein can be a candidate study-system to investigate the early stages of intron gain/loss before fixation at species level and some debated questions about intron evolution. Finally, the sequence variation observed supports the suitability of the crt gene for molecular recognition of Rhipicephalus spp. and for phylogenetic studies in association with other markers.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1909-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

All For One and One For All on the Tick–Host Battlefield

Cited by 85 publications

References 52 publications

Transcriptome and toxin family analysis of the paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus

Transcriptome and toxin family analysis of the paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus

A Tick Cysteine Protease Inhibitor RHcyst-1 Exhibits Antitumor Potential

Exon-intron structure and sequence variation of the calreticulin gene among Rhipicephalus sanguineus group ticks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About