We demonstrate a pulsed high-gain all-fiber laser without intracavity modulators, where a short and heavily Erbium-doped fiber is used as the gain medium in a ring cavity. By pulsed-pumping this short high gain cavity and tuning an intracavity variable optical coupler, the laser generates optical pulses with a pulse-width of s at a repetition rate in the order of kHz down to one-shot operation. Furthermore, dynamic properties of this laser are investigated theoretically based on a travelling-wave-model, in which an adaptive-discrete-grid-finite-difference-method is applied. The simulation results validate the experimental results. The demonstrated pulsed laser is compact, flexible and cost-effective, which will have great potential for applications in all-optical sensing and communication systems.