All-Fiber Measurement of Surface Tension Using a Two-Hole Fiber

Abstract

An all-fiber approach is presented to measure surface tension. The experimental realization relies on the use of a specialty fiber, a so-called two-hole fiber (THF), which serves a two-fold purpose: providing a capillary channel to produce bubbles while having the means to measure the power reflected at the end facet of the fiber core. We demonstrate that provided a controlled injection of gas into the hollow channels of the THF, surface tension measurements are possible by simply tracking the Fresnel reflection at the distal end of the THF. Our results show that the characteristic times involved in the bubble formation process, from where the surface tension of the liquids under test is retrieved, can be measured from the train of pulses generated by the continuous formation and detachment of bubbles.

Electrochemical performance of gold nanoparticles decorated on Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) Screen-printed Electrode (SPE)

“…The surface then continued to be activated with cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.1 M sulfuric acid in a potential range of -1 to 1 V for 15 cycles and also in PBS solution in a potential range of 0 to 0.8 V for 20 cycles. This activation ensures that there are hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl functional groups generated at the surface and can be utilized to form hydrogen and/or covalent bonds, which are useful for interacting with Au nanoparticles [13].…”

Enhanced Frequency Stability of SAW Yarn Tension Sensor by Using the Dual Differential Channel Surface Acoustic Wave Oscillator

“…The yarn tension is an essential indicator of measuring the quality of the yarn product, which directly affects the balance and stability of the product quality, the production efficiency, and the subsequent processing [ 1 ]. Appropriate yarn tension makes the winding bobbin roll efficient, increasing the production efficiency of winding, twisting, weaving, and knitting [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Therefore, selecting an appropriate detection circuit is necessary to ensure the precision and stability of the yarn tension sensor’s output signal [ 5 ].…”

Highly Coupled Seven-Core Fiber for Ratiometric Anti-Phase Sensing

“…On the other hand, and due to their materials and fabrication, fiber optic sensors share advantages such as compact size, light weight, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and chemical inertness. Therefore, fiber optic sensors have been developed to operate in harsh environments [ 19 , 20 ] and have shown reliability in measuring optical and mechanical variables such as refractive index [ 21 , 22 ], curvature [ 23 , 24 ], surface tension [ 25 , 26 ], and temperature [ 27 , 28 ]. Ratiometric sensing has been implemented in optical fibers to measure oxygen concentration [ 29 , 30 ], pH [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], and antibiotics [ 34 ].…”