All-Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer Gas Refractive Index Sensor Based on Hole-Assisted One-Core Fiber and Vernier Effect

Pan, Rui; Yang, Wenlong; Li, Linjun; Yang, Yuqiang; Yu, Xiaoyang; Fan, Jianying; Yu, Shuang; Xiong, You; Zhang, Lijie

doi:10.1109/jsen.2021.3075867

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Relatively weak RI variations (n<10 -7 RIU) induced by photothermal excitation of gas mixtures are at the limit of detection of established spectral interrogation methods, used for compact fiber-based FPIs [24], especially when the interrogation must be achieved dynamically at higher read-out rates. Thus, alternative methods were considered, and an interrogation was applied, based on a probe laser locking onto the quadrature point of the FPI transfer function.…”

Section: Signal Interrogationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Sensing System Based on an All-Fiber Photothermal Microcell

Njegovec,

Javornik,

Pevec

et al. 2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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This paper presents an all-fiber, miniature Fabry-Perot gas sensor based on photothermal absorption spectroscopy with a custommade and cost-efficient interrogation system. The sensing gas microcell has a diameter of 125 μm, a length of 1 mm, and allows for free gas exchange within the optical resonator through micromachined slits. High light intensity and confinement is ensured by delivering the excitation light directly into the gas microcell through a lead-in singlemode fiber. This enhances the photothermal effect and provides a short system response time. The interrogation system utilizes the modulation of an excitation laser diode with a fixed frequency while locking the probe laser onto the gas microcell's quadrature point and observing the variations of the reflected optical power. To show the potential of the proposed system, nitrogen dioxide was measured in dry air. Thereby, a limit of detection of 20 ppm could be achieved for 10 seconds` integration time. Furthermore, the small dimensions of the sensor allow for improved dynamic performance with photothermal modulation frequencies as high as 7 kHz.

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Section: Signal Interrogationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Sensing System Based on an All-Fiber Photothermal Microcell

Njegovec,

Javornik,

Pevec

et al. 2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…The highest airflow velocity sensitivity of the sensor reached 1.541 nm/(m/s) in the region of 3∼7 m/s. In addition, many schemes similar to this structure have been reported, most of which combine the air cavity and the silica cavity to produce the Vernier effect [ 10 , 12 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. There are also some reports that employ the air cavity and the other cavity together [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Configurations To Produce the Vernier Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Fiber Sensors Based on the Vernier Effect

Chen

Zhao

Hao

et al. 2022

Sensors

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For decades, optical fiber interferometers have been extensively studied and applied for their inherent advantages. With the rapid development of science and technology, fiber sensors with higher detection sensitivity are needed on many occasions. As an effective way to improve measurement sensitivity, Vernier effect fiber sensors have drawn great attention during the last decade. Similar to the Vernier caliper, the optical Vernier effect uses one interferometer as a fixed part of the Vernier scale and the other as a sliding part of the Vernier scale. This paper first illustrates the principle of the optical Vernier effect, then different configurations used to produce the Vernier effect are classified and discussed. Finally, the outlook for Vernier effect fiber sensors is presented.

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“…In the last two decades, optical fiber sensors have been widely researched owing to the advantages of small size, long lifetime, strong flexibility, passive operation, and anti-electromagnetic interference. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] It has been demonstrated that the refractive index (RI) correlates better with salinity better than conductivity. 14,15 Hence salinity sensors based on optical fiber techniques are preferable as promising alternatives due to their numerous advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel dual‐cavity fiber‐optic F‐P salinity sensor based on hollow core fiber and ceramic ferrule

Sun

Yang

et al. 2023

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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A parallel dual‐cavity fiber‐optic Fabry‐Perot (F‐P) salinity sensor based on hollow core fiber and a ceramic ferrule is proposed. The sensor is comprised of a F‐P reference cavity and a F‐P sensing cavity in parallel. The reference cavity is a closed cavity that is fusion spliced with a segment of single‐mode optical fiber (SMF) and a small piece of silica tube (ST). The sensing cavity is an open liquid cavity that is connected by a ferrule after inserting two single‐mode fibers into a ceramic core, facilitating the replacement of salt water. Variations in the salinity of salt water will affect the change in refractive index of optical path, and then change the output spectral structure. By precisely controlling the length of two cavities, the free spectral range (FSR) of the sensing cavity is approximately equal to the FSR of the reference cavity, resulting in the generation of the Vernier effect, which improves the sensitivity of the sensor to salinity greatly. From the experimental results, it can be seen that the sensor sensitivity to salinity reaches −0.78 nm/‰ (−3809.68 nm/RIU) in the salinity range from 35‰ to 20‰ at room temperature of 25°C, which is 10.8 times higher than the sensitivity of a single sensing cavity. The enhancement factor is generally consistent with theoretical analysis results.

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All-Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer Gas Refractive Index Sensor Based on Hole-Assisted One-Core Fiber and Vernier Effect

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Gas Sensing System Based on an All-Fiber Photothermal Microcell

Gas Sensing System Based on an All-Fiber Photothermal Microcell

Advanced Fiber Sensors Based on the Vernier Effect

Parallel dual‐cavity fiber‐optic F‐P salinity sensor based on hollow core fiber and ceramic ferrule

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