All-Ceramic Percolative Composites with a Colossal Dielectric Response

Bobnar, V.; Hrovat, Marko; Holc, Janez; Kosec, Marija

doi:10.5772/16400

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Indicatively, in the following studies are mentioned Y [67], La [68], Ce [69], Pr [70], Nd [71], Sm [36], Gd [13], Dy [37], Ho [25], Er [72], Yb [49], and Lu [49]. Apart from the REEs, the presence of PMs was witnessed in the following studies: Au [53], [31], Ag [15,31], Ru [57], Pd [22,31], and Ir [8]. As expected, Au's leaching took place only in aqua regia.…”

Section: Characterisation Of Mlccs From Lighting Equipment Via Icp-oe...mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The fifth stage involved the SEM-EDX analysis of nine multi-layer ceramic capacitors. The capacitors were encapsulated in conductive resin, and their longitudinal sections were subjected to friction and polishing according to the methodology followed in [57] using a grinding and polishing machine (brand, Struers (Struers S.A.S., Champigny sur Marne cedex, France); model, rotopol 35). An optical microscope (brand, ZEISS (Carl-Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany); model, HAL 100 with an OLYMPUS DP22 camera) and an SEM-EDX (brand, Thermo Scientific (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA); model, Phenom XL) were employed in this study.…”

Section: Fifth Stage-sem-edx Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors in Lighting Equipment: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals

Sideris,

Fragoulis,

Stathopoulos

et al. 2023

Recycling

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The need to reduce energy consumption in buildings, the emergence of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps in lighting around 2010, their long lifetime, and the 2025 target to use only LED lamps are changing the existing composition of Category 3 waste electrical–electronic equipment (WEEE) and creating expectations for simple, high-concentration recycling streams. In this study, multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) detached from the lighting sector’s WEEE were characterised for the presence of rare earth elements (REEs) and precious metals (PMs). Their digestion was carried out with HNO3 and aqua regia on a heating plate and characterised using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The contents of REEs and PMs found in the MLCCs were 0.84 wt% and 0.60 wt%, respectively, and create an economic stored value that is essentially defined by PMs of 98.67% and by palladium (Pd) of 78.37%. The analysis showed that the content of the main elements was: neodymium (Nd) 0.366 wt%, yttrium (Y) 0.220 wt%, dysprosium (Dy) 0.131 wt%, silver (Ag) 0.467 wt%, and Pd 0.105 wt%. These results indicate the need for selective removal and separate recycling processes of MLCCs from WEEE drivers.

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Section: Characterisation Of Mlccs From Lighting Equipment Via Icp-oe...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Fifth Stage-sem-edx Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors in Lighting Equipment: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals

Sideris,

Fragoulis,

Stathopoulos

et al. 2023

Recycling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors in Lighting Equipment: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals

Sideris,

Fragkoulis,

Stathopoulos

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In this study, multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) detached from lighting sector's waste electrical-electronic equipment (WEEE) are characterised for the presence of rare earth elements (REEs) and precious metals (PMs). Their digestion was carried out with HNO3 & aqua regia on a heating plate and characterised with the use of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) & scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The contents of REEs and PMs are 0.84 wt% and 0.60 wt%, respectively, and create an economic stored value in MLCCs that is essentially defined by PMs of 98.67% and by Pd 78.37%. The content of the main elements is: Nd 0.366 wt%, Y 0.220 wt%, Dy 0.131 wt%, Ag 0.467 wt%, and Pd 0.105 wt%. The results confirm the need of selective removal and separate recycling process of MLCCs from WEEE drivers.

show abstract

All-Ceramic Percolative Composites with a Colossal Dielectric Response

Cited by 2 publications

References 34 publications

Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors in Lighting Equipment: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals

Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors in Lighting Equipment: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals

Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors in Lighting Equipment: Presence and Characterisation of Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals

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