All-cause mortality and its risk factors among type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a country facing diabetes epidemic

Al‐Rubeaan, Khalid; Youssef, Amira M.; Ibrahim, Hend; Al-Sharqawi, Ahmad H.; AlQumaidi, Hamid; Alnaqeb, Dhekra; Aburisheh, Khaled H.

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2016.06.012

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Diabetes was associated with an increase in all-cause mortality across an 11-year follow-up; data combined from all 22 cohorts resulted in a HR of 1.6 (95% CI 1.4–1.8), similar to our estimate (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.26–2.7) [32]. Some studies have investigated all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes patients and consistently reported that individuals with diabetes have a higher risk of all-cause mortality, similar to our results [33, 34]. Saydah et al have also estimated that diabetes is responsible for 3.6% of all deaths in Americans adults [35].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

All-Cause Mortality Risk in Australian Women with Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes

Abreu

Holloway

Mohebbi

et al. 2017

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Aims Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes are increasing in prevalence worldwide and lead to serious health problems. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the association between impaired fasting glucose or diabetes and mortality over a 10-year period in Australian women. Methods This study included 1167 women (ages 20–94 yr) enrolled in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality in diabetes, IFG, and normoglycaemia were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results Women with diabetes were older and had higher measures of adiposity, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides compared to the IFG and normoglycaemia groups (all p < 0.001). Mortality rate was greater in women with diabetes compared to both the IFG and normoglycaemia groups (HR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3–2.7). Mortality was not different in women with IFG compared to those with normoglycaemia (HR 1.0; 95% CI 0.7–1.4). Conclusions This study reports an association between diabetes and all-cause mortality. However, no association was detected between IFG and all-cause mortality. We also showed that mortality in Australian women with diabetes continues to be elevated and women with IFG are a valuable target for prevention of premature mortality associated with diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

All-Cause Mortality Risk in Australian Women with Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes

Abreu

Holloway

Mohebbi

et al. 2017

Journal of Diabetes Research

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“…Saudi Arabia is facing a type 2 diabetes epidemic and is ranked seventh among the top ten countries with high diabetes prevalence at a rate of 25.4% [ 6 ]. At the same time, the prevalence of diabetes related morbidities have been considered as one of the highest worldwide with 82% for neuropathy, 31% for retinopathy and 32% for nephropathy [ 7 – 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-cause mortality among diabetic foot patients and related risk factors in Saudi Arabia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAlthough Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region with high rates of diabetic foot complications, there are only limited data concerning mortality among such a high risk group. Therefore, the main aim of the current study was to assess all-cause mortality and its related predictors among diabetic patients with and without diabetic foot complications.MethodsUsing data from the Saudi National Diabetes Registry (SNDR), a total of 840 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes aged ≥25 years with current or past history of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) or diabetes related lower extremity amputation (LEA) were recruited in 2007 from active patients’ files and followed up to 2013. These patients were compared with an equal number of age and gender matched diabetic patients without foot complication recruited at the same period. All patients were subjected to living status verification at 31st December 2013.ResultsThe all-cause mortality rate among patients with DFU was 42.54 per 1000 person-years and among LEA patients was 86.80 per 1000 person-years among LEA patients for a total of 2280 and 1129 person-years of follow up respectively. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) (95% CI) was 4.39 (3.55–5.23) and 7.21 (5.70–8.72) for cases with foot ulcer and LEA respectively. The percentage of deceased patients increased by almost twofold (18.5%) among patients with diabetic foot ulcer and more than threefold (32.2%) among patients with LEA compared with patients without diabetic foot complications (10.7%). The worst survival was among patients with LEA at 0.679 and the presence of diabetic nephropathy was the only significant independent risk factor for all-cause mortality among patients with diabetic foot complications. On the other hand, obese patients have demonstrated significantly reduced all-cause mortality rate.ConclusionsDiabetic patients with diabetic foot complications have an excess mortality rate when compared with diabetic counterparts without foot complications and the general population. Early interventions to prevent foot ulceration and consequent LEA as well as all the measurements for reducing the prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications should be considered.

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“…It was reported that Al-Jouf (to which this sample of patients belonged) and Makkah held the highest disease and complication prevalence in Saudi Arabia (13). Reportedly, internationally diabetic morbidity increased with age and disease duration, particularly among males, smokers, poor glycaemic control, hypertension, presence of other complications, hyperlipidaemics and insulin users (14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Association between Plasma Cellular Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Biomarkers and Disease Risk and Prognostic Factors in Type 2 Diabetic Saudi Patients

Alduraywish¹

2017

West Indian Med J

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Objective: This cross-sectional study evaluated the association of plasma cytochrome c (CytoC) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, as mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular hypoxia biomarkers, with disease risk factors and prognosis in Type 2 diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A total of 252 patients (94 males and 158 females) were eligible and were matched by socioeconomic status, age and body mass index (BMI) with 106 healthy participants (71 males and 35 females). They were subgrouped according to BMI, disease duration and treatment. Lipid and glycaemic control indices were colorimetrically measured to calculate insulin resistance (IR) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Haemoglobin A1c, C-reactive protein (CRP), CytoC and HIF-1α were measured using specific immunoassays. Results: Among the patients, 50% (38.64% of males and 52.53% of females), 40.48% (43.18% of males and 40.51% of females), 4.365% (6.82% of males and 3.80% of females), 2.381% (4.55% of males and 1.90% of females), and ~0.8% (males) suffered from peripheral neuropathy, ophthalmopathy, kidney disease, myocardial infarction and ketoacidosis, respectively. The majority of complicated cases had greater age, BMI, disease duration, plasma insulin and AIP, and were on insulin. The two investigated groups were non-significantly different considering CytoC, but highly significantly different considering lipid profile (as reflected on AIP) and glycaemic control parameters (as reflected on IR, plasma CRP and HIF-1α), with significant correlations among all of them in a group-specific pattern. Conclusion: Patients suffered a high rate of complications that correlated with age, BMI, disease duration, AIP, plasma insulin and insulin treatment due to poor disease control. Reduced HIF-1α and non-significant increased CytoC levels correlated negatively with bad prognostic indicators of the disease pointing to a pathogenetic implication.

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All-cause mortality and its risk factors among type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a country facing diabetes epidemic

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

All-Cause Mortality Risk in Australian Women with Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes

All-Cause Mortality Risk in Australian Women with Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes

All-cause mortality among diabetic foot patients and related risk factors in Saudi Arabia

Association between Plasma Cellular Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Biomarkers and Disease Risk and Prognostic Factors in Type 2 Diabetic Saudi Patients

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