All bonds are not alike: A psychoendocrine evaluation of infant attachment

Gaudin, Sabrina; Chaillou, Élodie; Wycke, Marie-Anne; Cornilleau, Fabien; Moussu, Chantal; Calandreau, Ludovic; Lainé, Anne-Lyse; Nowak, Raymond

doi:10.1002/dev.21552

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…On the other hand, horses groomed in a standard manner would not have reached this well-being state because the treatment had maintained a more negative emotion. Such a physiological state is observed in prairie voles that are subjected to chronic social isolation 56 or in lambs reared without a mother 57 . In humans, higher basal levels of oxytocin in plasma have also been associated with greater relational distress 36 , 58 – 60 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial expression and oxytocin as possible markers of positive emotions in horses

Lansade

Nowak

Lainé

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Behavioural and physiological markers of discrete positive emotions remain little investigated in animals. To characterise new markers in horses, we used tactile stimulations to induce emotional situation of contrasting valence. In the Gentle grooming group (G, N = 13) horses were gently groomed during 11 sessions on the body areas they appreciated the most. Horses in the Standard grooming group (S, N = 14) were groomed using a fixed procedure, reported to induce avoidance reactions in some horses. At session 11, G horses expressed significantly more contact-seeking behaviours than S horses, which expressed significantly more avoidance behaviours. This result suggests positive emotions in G horses and negative emotions in S horses. Blood cortisol, oxytocin, heart rate and heart rate variability never differed between before and after the grooming session. However, after the 11 sessions, basal oxytocin levels were lower in the G than in the S group. This difference was unexpected, but supports studies showing that a low level of basal oxytocin could be a marker of better well-being. Analyses of facial expressions during grooming revealed significant differences between groups. These expressions appear to be more sensitive than behavioural indicators because they alone enabled differentiating emotions according to the group when horses were re-exposed to neutral grooming one year after the treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial expression and oxytocin as possible markers of positive emotions in horses

Lansade

Nowak

Lainé

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…In addition, newborns separated from their dam after birth had an impaired establishment of the cellulolytic bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes and of protozoa in their rumen [10]. Furthermore, maternal deprivation produces detrimental psychological effects on young animals [11] in addition to a possible incomplete transfer of immunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rearing mode on gastro-intestinal microbiota and development, immunocompetence, sanitary status and growth performance of lambs from birth to two months of age

et al. 2023

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Background Artificial rearing system, commonly used in prolific sheep breeds, is associated to increased mortality and morbidity rates before weaning, which might be linked to perturbations in digestive tract maturation, including microbiota colonization. This study evaluated the effect of rearing mode (mothered or artificially reared) on the establishment of the rumen and intestinal microbiome of lambs from birth to weaning. We also measured immunological and zootechnical parameters to assess lambs’ growth and health. GIT anatomy as well as rumen and intestinal epithelium gene expression were also analysed on weaned animals to assess possible long-term effects of the rearing practice. Results Total VFA concentrations were higher in mothered lambs at 2 months of age, while artificially-reared lambs had lower average daily gain, a more degraded sanitary status and lower serum IgG concentration in the early growth phase. Metataxonomic analysis revealed higher richness of bacterial and eukaryote populations in mothered vs. artificially-reared lambs in both Rumen and Feces. Beta diversity analysis indicated an evolution of rumen and fecal bacterial communities in mothered lambs with age, not observed in artificially-reared lambs. Important functional microorganisms such as the cellulolytic bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes and rumen protozoa did not establish correctly before weaning in artificially-reared lambs. Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli were dominant in the fecal microbiota of mothered lambs, but main E. coli virulence genes were not found differential between the two groups, suggesting they are commensal bacteria which could exert a protective effect against pathogens. The fecal microbiota of artificially-reared lambs had a high proportion of lactic acid bacteria taxa. No difference was observed in mucosa gene expression in the two lamb groups after weaning. Conclusions The rearing mode influences gastrointestinal microbiota and health-associated parameters in offspring in early life: rumen maturation was impaired in artificially-reared lambs which also presented altered sanitary status and higher risk of gut dysbiosis. The first month of age is thus a critical period where the gastrointestinal tract environment and microbiota are particularly unstable and special care should be taken in the management of artificially fed newborn ruminants.

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“…Emotional reactivity, assessed in a social isolation context by cortisol plasma levels and behavioural responses, is also impacted by maternal deprivation (Napolitano, 2003;Napolitano et al, 2002;Sevi et al, 1999). In addition, endocrine imbalance is also reported, in regards to sexual behavior (Damián et al, 2015(Damián et al, , 2018, infant attachment (Gaudin et al, 2018), or nutrition (Berry et al, 2016). These studies demonstrate how maternal deprivation, and conse-quently artificial feeding, have wide ranging, deleterious consequences, affecting the development of the immune system, behavior, endocrine development, growth, and cognitive capacities of lambs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal deprivation and milk replacement affect the integrity of gray and white matter in the developing lamb brain

Love

Haslin

Bellardie

et al. 2022

Developmental Neurobiology

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The psychoendocrine evaluation of lamb development has demonstrated that maternal deprivation and milk replacement alters health, behavior, and endocrine profiles. While lambs are able to discriminate familiar and non‐familiar conspecifics (mother or lamb), only lambs reared with their mother develop such clear social discrimination or preference. Lambs reared without mother display no preference for a specific lamb from its own group. Differences in exploratory and emotional behaviors between mother‐reared and mother‐deprived lambs have also been reported. As these behavioural abilities are supported by the brain, we hypothesize that rearing with maternal deprivation and milk replacement leads to altered brain development and maturation. To test this hypothesis, we examined brain morphometric and microstructural variables extracted from in vivo T1‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance images acquired longitudinally (1 week, 1.5 months, and 4.5 months of age) in mother‐reared and mother‐deprived lambs. From the morphometric variables the caudate nuclei volume was found to be smaller for mother‐deprived than for mother‐reared lambs. T1‐weighted signal intensity and radial diffusivity were higher for mother‐deprived than for mother‐reared lambs in both the white and gray matters. The fractional anisotropy of the white matter was lower for mother‐deprived than for mother‐reared lambs. Based on these morphometric and microstructural characteristics we conclude that maternal deprivation delays and affects lamb brain growth and maturation.

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All bonds are not alike: A psychoendocrine evaluation of infant attachment

Cited by 9 publications

References 66 publications

Facial expression and oxytocin as possible markers of positive emotions in horses

Facial expression and oxytocin as possible markers of positive emotions in horses

Effects of rearing mode on gastro-intestinal microbiota and development, immunocompetence, sanitary status and growth performance of lambs from birth to two months of age

Maternal deprivation and milk replacement affect the integrity of gray and white matter in the developing lamb brain

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