“…In Tanzania, Ref. [43] mentions that environmental laws and regulations are not aimed at promoting CE; on the contrary, they exacerbate resource shortages, and moreover, the private sector and NGOs have contributed initiatives to launch the CE.…”
Section: Institutional Regulation and Circular Economy Practicesmentioning
The degradation of the environment is associated with economic activity, particularly with the linear way in which the economy does not make efficient use of resources. However, the circular economy is opposed to this linear paradigm, since it makes the most of the resources in trying to achieve zero waste. In this context, this study investigates the relationship between industry 4.0 technologies, COVID-19 outbreak, environmental regulation policies and circular economy practices. A questionnaire is designed to collect information from 214 big and private manufacturing firms in Ecuador, and subsequently, through CB-SEM, the information is processed, and the study paths are validated. The results suggest that industry 4.0 technologies and environmental regulation policies are driving circular economy practices during the pandemic. The study finds no evidence favoring COVID-19 being a determining factor in the adoption of the circular economy. The results provide a policy framework for the adoption of a circular economy.
“…In Tanzania, Ref. [43] mentions that environmental laws and regulations are not aimed at promoting CE; on the contrary, they exacerbate resource shortages, and moreover, the private sector and NGOs have contributed initiatives to launch the CE.…”
Section: Institutional Regulation and Circular Economy Practicesmentioning
The degradation of the environment is associated with economic activity, particularly with the linear way in which the economy does not make efficient use of resources. However, the circular economy is opposed to this linear paradigm, since it makes the most of the resources in trying to achieve zero waste. In this context, this study investigates the relationship between industry 4.0 technologies, COVID-19 outbreak, environmental regulation policies and circular economy practices. A questionnaire is designed to collect information from 214 big and private manufacturing firms in Ecuador, and subsequently, through CB-SEM, the information is processed, and the study paths are validated. The results suggest that industry 4.0 technologies and environmental regulation policies are driving circular economy practices during the pandemic. The study finds no evidence favoring COVID-19 being a determining factor in the adoption of the circular economy. The results provide a policy framework for the adoption of a circular economy.
“…The background of circularity [70,71] The cycle is covering stages from (1) the production of products, (2) consumption by households and industries, (3) to the management of waste, (4) the distribution of raw materials to the secondary market, and (5) provision of high-quality materials to primary market. Below the authors provided practical research of real situations covering the revision of two elements from the first category (municipal waste and waste recycling) and waste streams, which could be separated into: The waste streams of mineral and construction waste were not revised during empirical research due to the low amount of provided datasets for EU countries.…”
In this paper, the authors identified key elements important for circularity. The primary goal of circularity is to eliminate waste and prove the constant use of resources. In the paper, we classified studies according to circular approaches and stated which of them get the highest attention. Further, we identified the principal elements, grouped them into four categories important for circularity, and presented scientific works dedicated to each of the above-mentioned categories. Further on, several core elements from the first category were investigated, aiming to connect different waste streams and provide a regression model. Finally, the methodological part reviewed the correlation between various types of waste and their recycling and selected suitable ones for developing a new panel regression model. The empirical research was delivered for the 27 European Union countries during the period between 2000 and 2019. We indicate that the recycling rate of municipal waste impacts the increase of recycling biowaste the same calendar year. The increase of recycling of municipal waste by one per cent means the increase of the recycling of biowaste by 0.6 per cent.
“…The first type -waste management is examined by different authors according to the types of the policy package. It is particularly important that packagers are aligned with strategic ones economic and industrial policy, as the industrial waste sector is one of those who dictate change from linearity to circularity [61,62].…”
Section: Core Elements Important For Circularitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The classification of studies into elements and categories describing circularity. ,10,13,16,18,19,22,25,27,28,29,35,45,62,65,70,77,80] …”
In this paper, the authors identified key elements important for circularity: (1) Background: The primary goal of circularity is to eliminate waste and to prove the constant use of resources. In the paper, we classify studies according to circular approaches. The authors identified main elements and classified them into categories important for circularity, starting with the managing and reducing waste and the recovery of resources; and ending with the circularity of material, and general circularity-related topics and presented scientific works dedicated to each of the above-mentioned categories. The authors analyzed several core elements from the first category aiming to investigate and connect different waste streams and provided a regression model; (2) Methods: The authors used a dynamic regression model to identify relationships among variables and selected the ones, which has an impact on the increase of biowaste. The research was delivered for the 27 European Union countries during the period between 2020 and 2019; (3) Conclusions: The authors indicated that the recycling rate of wasted electrical equipment in the previous year has an impact on the increase of recycling biowaste next year. This is explained as non-metallic spare parts of electronic equipment are used as biowaste for fuel production. And the separation process of the composites of electric equipment takes some time, on average the effect is evident in one year period.
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