Alkyl-substituted silica gel as a carrier in the controlled release of dexmedetomidine

Kortesuo, Pirjo; Ahola, Manja; Kangas, Minna; Leino, Tiina; Laakso, Sirpa; Vuorilehto, Lauri; Yli‐Urpo, Antti; Kiesvaara, Juha; Marvola, Martti

doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(01)00428-x

Cited by 81 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…focuses on delivering biologically active agents locally over extended periods of time [1][2][3]. The site specificity of the delivery reduces the potential side effects that can be associated with general administration of drugs through oral or parenteral therapy [1].…”

Section: Q3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have been studied for biomedical applications that include tissue, cell and enzyme encapsulation and controlled release of drugs [2,3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Derived from a metal alkoxide precursor, the sol is produced through a hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction [14].…”

Section: Q3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the mild processing conditions, high concentrations of many types of biologically active agents can be incorporated in the liquid sol. The agents are embedded in the matrix of the gel, which after condensation and drying becomes a porous, glassy solid [2,3,[9][10][11][12][13]. Data show that controlled release of antibiotics, proteins, and growth factors is possible from this porous material [2,[9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Q3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This leads to the synthesis of pellets, which can then be ground and sieved to arrive at granules or powders [2,3,[10][11][12].…”

Section: Q3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, the drug release from porous sol gel matrices was described as a diffusion controlled process [2,3,[10][11][12].…”

Section: Release Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The controlled release of drugs from emulsified, sol gel processed silica microspheres

2009

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Controlled release silica sol gels are room temperature processed, porous, resorbable materials with generally good compatibility. Many molecules including drugs, proteins and growth factors can be released from sol gels and the quantity and duration of the release can vary widely. Processing parameters render these release properties exquisitely versatile. The synthesis of controlled release sol gels typically includes acid catalyzed hydrolysis to form a sol with the molecules included. This is then followed by casting, aging and drying. Additional steps such as grinding and sieving are required to produce sol gel granules of a desirable size. In this study, we focus on the synthesis of sol gel microspheres by using a novel process with only two steps. The novelty is related to acid-base catalysis of the sol prior to emulsification. Sol gel microspheres containing either vancomycin (antibiotic) or bupivacaine (analgesic) were successfully synthesized using this method. Both drugs showed controlled, load dependent and time dependent release from the microspheres. The in vitro release properties of sol gel microspheres were remarkably different from those of sol gel granules produced by grinding and sieving. In contrast to a fast, short-term release from granules, the release from microspheres was slower and of longer duration. In addition, the degradation rate of microspheres was significantly slower than that of the granules. Using various mathematical models, the data reveal that the release from sol gel powder is governed by two distinct phases of release. In addition, the release from emulsified microspheres is delayed, a finding that can be attributed to differences in surface properties of the particles produced by emulsification and those produced by casting and grinding. The presented results represent an excellent data set for designing and implementing preclinical studies. t r a c tControlled release silica sol gels are room temperature processed, porous, resorbable materials with generally good compatibility. Many molecules including drugs, proteins and growth factors can be released from sol gels and the quantity and duration of the release can vary widely. Processing parameters render these release properties exquisitely versatile. The synthesis of controlled release sol gels typically includes acid catalyzed hydrolysis to form a sol with the molecules included. This is then followed by casting, aging and drying. Additional steps such as grinding and sieving are required to produce sol gel granules of a desirable size. In this study, we focus on the synthesis of sol gel microspheres by using a novel process with only two steps. The novelty is related to acid-base catalysis of the sol prior to emulsification. Sol gel microspheres containing either vancomycin (antibiotic) or bupivacaine (analgesic) were successfully synthesized using this method. Both drugs showed controlled, load dependent and time dependent release from the microspheres. The in vitro release properties of sol gel microspher...

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Section: Q3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Q3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Q3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This leads to the synthesis of pellets, which can then be ground and sieved to arrive at granules or powders [2,3,[10][11][12].…”

Section: Q3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, the drug release from porous sol gel matrices was described as a diffusion controlled process [2,3,[10][11][12].…”

Section: Release Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The controlled release of drugs from emulsified, sol gel processed silica microspheres

2009

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Silica, Amorphous

Gräf

2018

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Amorphous or noncrystalline silica is silicon dioxide ( SiO 2 ) that does not have a crystalline structure. Amorphous silica can be naturally occurring or synthetic, and has a wide range of applications. The chemical structure and chemical, physical, and particulate characteristics of amorphous silica are given. Polymerization processes and further modifications and important applications, including silica sols and colloidal silica, silica gel, precipitated silica, pyrogenic silica (fumed silica), and fused silica and fused quartz, are discussed. Formation, properties, processing, modification approaches, and applications of naturally occurring amorphous silica are presented as well. Finally, health effects and safety issues of amorphous silica materials are introduced, including exposure and uptake, biological effects, and classification and labeling according to international regulations.

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Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Biosensing Applications

Slowing

Trewyn

Giri

et al. 2007

Adv Funct Materials

1,593

948

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Recent advancements in morphology control and surface functionalization of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have enhanced the biocompatibility of these materials with high surface areas and pore volumes. Several recent reports have demonstrated that the MSNs can be efficiently internalized by animal and plant cells. The functionalization of MSNs with organic moieties or other nanostructures brings controlled release and molecular recognition capabilities to these mesoporous materials for drug/gene delivery and sensing applications, respectively. Herein, we review recent research progress on the design of functional MSN materials with various mechanisms of controlled release, along with the ability to achieve zero release in the absence of stimuli, and the introduction of new characteristics to enable the use of nonselective molecules as screens for the construction of highly selective sensor systems.

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Alkyl-substituted silica gel as a carrier in the controlled release of dexmedetomidine

Cited by 81 publications

References 20 publications

The controlled release of drugs from emulsified, sol gel processed silica microspheres

The controlled release of drugs from emulsified, sol gel processed silica microspheres

Silica, Amorphous

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Biosensing Applications

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