Alkyl polyglucosides as hydrotropes

Abstract

The hydrotropic effect of different alkyl polyglucosides (APG) has been studied and compared with a model hydrotrope, toluol-4-sulfonic acid. The effect has been assessed by two different methods: (i) as the cloud point elevation of a solution containing different nonionic surfactants upon addition of the hydrotrope and (ii) the destabilization of liquid crystalline phases in a ternary system. The effect of the hydrophobic alkyl group length was found to be opposite in the two methods. APG with intermediate alkyl chain lengths (octyl and decyl) was shown to be very effective in elevating the cloud point, while APG with a short (butyl) group was the most efficient in destabilizing liquid crystalline phases in the system of water, sodium dodecyl sulfate and pentanol. Effects on phase behavior and cloud point elevation with addition of an APG are highly dependent on its structure. However, the correlation between structural effects as observed in the two methods requires further study. JSD 1, 485-489 (1998).

Clouding behaviour in surfactant systems

“…Therefore, the CP should be between 27 and 44°C for C 11 E 5 and between 4 and 21°C for C 11 E 4 . The CP for C 11 E 5 (C = 1 wt.%) has been reported to be 27°C [86], and predicted values of the lower critical solution temperature are 11 (C 11 E 4 ) and 34°C (C 11 E 5 ) [87]. Comparison of these CP values clearly elucidates the elevation of CP in the presence of dipolar amide group.…”

Surface properties of surfactants derived from natural products. Part 1: Syntheses and structure/property relationships—Solubility and emulsification

“…Only the characteristic spectral peaks of new compounds are presented. More analytical data are found in other sources (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

“…A range of nonionic D-gluconamides, compounds 6-18 (Scheme 2), some of which, 11-14, have been described previously (15), also were prepared and characterized. Gluconamides have previously been used in commercial products as hydrotropes (16).…”

How to Attain an Ultralow Interfacial Tension and a Three‐Phase Behavior with a Surfactant Formulation for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review. Part 2. Performance Improvement Trends from Winsor's Premise to Currently Proposed Inter‐ and Intra‐Molecular Mixtures

“…Hydrotropes like short chain mono or di-soaps [158], alkylbenzene sulfonates [159, 160] or alkylpolyglycerides [161] have important and sophisticated effects in complex formulation by influencing the association structures of traditional amphiphiles like liquid crystals precipitates [162]. A mixture of conventional anionic with a cationic hydrotrope has been reported as resulting in considerable synergy, probably because of a significant compaction of pseudo-amphoteric surfactants [163] close to a compact combination of a hydrophilic linker and a surfactant.…”