Alkyl Ammonium Cation Stabilized Biocidal Polyiodides with Adaptable High Density and Low Pressure

Abstract

The effective application of biocidal species requires building the active moiety into a molecular back bone that can be delivered and decomposed on demand under conditions of low pressure and prolonged high-temperature detonation. The goal is to destroy storage facilities and their contents while utilizing the biocidal products arising from the released energy to destroy any remaining harmful airborne agents. Decomposition of carefully selected iodine-rich compounds can produce large amounts of the very active biocides, hydroiodic acid (HI) and iodine (I 2 ). Polyiodide anions, namely, I 3 À , I 5 À , which are excellent sources of such biocides, can be stabilized through interactions with large, symmetric cations, such as alkyl ammonium salts. We have designed and synthesized suitable compounds of adaptable high density up to 3.33 g cm À3 that are low-pressure polyiodides with various alkyl ammonium cations, deliverable iodine contents of which range between 58.0-90.9 %. Figure 1. Potential ingredients for ADWs.[a] Dr.

“Smart” Antimicrobial Nanocomplexes with Potential to Decrease Surgical Site Infections (SSI)

“…Coating PGA with antibiotics, therapeutic agents, nanoparticles, and biocidal compounds increases its biological activity, reduces biofilm formation and contamination [25]. Dip-coated PGA can deliver the antimicrobial compounds by controlled drug-release directly on the target tissue [25].Iodine has been used as a biocidal agent in many different applications for a long time [26][27][28][29]. Iodine is used already in wound care but has few disadvantages due to sublimation and skin irritation [26,27,[30][31][32].…”

“…Sublimation is directly related to uncontrolled iodine release, increased skin irritation, and short-term antimicrobial activity of the drug carrier. This problem can be solved by using complex cation stabilized polyiodides instead of iodine within the wound dressing or surgical sutures [28]. Polyiodides consist of [I 2k+n ] n− units and are stabilized by donor-acceptor interactions of the combined iodine molecules and iodide ions [33][34][35].…”

Iodine-Rich Imidazolium Iodate and Periodate Salts: En Route to Single-Based Biocidal Agents

“…Iodine-rich compounds in which the iodine exists in the form of C−I, iodide, or iodate exhibit relatively better stability and, therefore, could be used as potential ingredients for ADWs. Over the past few years, iodine-rich salts such as [NH 4 3 and tris [2-(N,N,Ntrimethylammonium)ethyl]amine tripentaiodide 4 or molecular species such as 4,5-diiodo-1H-1,2,3-triazole, 5 tetraiodofuran, 6 and 1-diiodomethyl-3,4,5-triodopyrazole 7 were developed as potential ingredient candidates for ADWs ( Figure 1). They are materials that produce nearly quantitative amounts of gaseous iodine (I 2 ) upon decomposition when formulated with oxidizers such as I 2 O 5 , HI 3 O 8 , HIO 3 , and other components, but I 2 O 5 and HI 3 O 8 are hygroscopic and sensitive to moisture, making them readily hydrolyzable forming HIO 3 even under low-humidity conditions.…”

Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of the Triiodide [Na(12-Crown-4)₂]I₃ on the Pathogens <em>Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, </em><em>Streptococcus faecalis, </em><em>Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans </em>

“…Long term effectiveness and stability of the biocidal agent are important requirements. This can be achieved by using polyiodide-structures as a complex, molecular backbone, releasing the biocidal agent slowly and effectively over a long period of time [28]. Our goal is to find the most effective antimicrobial and antifungal compound fulfilling the major requirements by utilizing polyiodide-structures in combination with sodium iodide, stabilized by crown ether complexes.…”

“…Polymeric antibacterial agents, the new field of investigations, have the ability to increase the long-term effectiveness and the stability of the biocidal agent [27]. In this regard, Iodine in combination with natural occurring polymeric biocides like starch are toxic against microorganisms [2,27,28]. Long term effectiveness and stability of the biocidal agent are important requirements.…”