Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever Virus RNA in <i>Hyalomma rufipes</i> Ticks Infesting Migratory Birds, Europe and Asia Minor

Hoffman, Tove; Lindeborg, Mats; Barboutis, Christos; Erciyas-Yavuz, Kiraz; Evander, Magnus; Fransson, Thord; Figuerola, Jordi; Jaenson, Thomas G. T.; Kiat, Yosef; Lindgren, Per-Eric; Lundkvist, Åke; Mohamed, Nik Abdullah Nik; Moutailler, Sara; Nyström, Fredrik; Olsén, Björn; Salaneck, Erik

doi:10.3201/eid2405.171369

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…on birds migrating north through Europe (147,148). Further studies have confirmed that such ticks can be infected with zoonotic pathogens (149), such as Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. But again, it is unlikely that such ticks will survive and thrive in the UK, so onward transmission of pathogens will be limited.…”

Section: Risks From Exotic Ticksmentioning

confidence: 93%

Emerging Threats to Animals in the United Kingdom by Arthropod-Borne Diseases

et al. 2020

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Worldwide, arthropod-borne disease transmission represents one of the greatest threats to public and animal health. For the British Isles, an island group on the northwestern coast of continental Europe consisting of the United Kingdom (UK) and the Republic of Ireland, physical separation offers a barrier to the introduction of many of the pathogens that affect animals on the rest of the continent. Added to this are strict biosecurity rules at ports of entry and the depauperate vector biodiversity found on the islands. Nevertheless, there are some indigenous arthropod-borne pathogens that cause sporadic outbreaks, such as the tick-borne louping ill virus, found almost exclusively in the British Isles, and a range of piroplasmid infections that are poorly characterized. These provide an ongoing source of infection whose emergence can be unpredictable. In addition, the risk remains for future introductions of both exotic vectors and the pathogens they harbor, and can transmit. Current factors that are driving the increases of both disease transmission and the risk of emergence include marked changes to the climate in the British Isles that have increased summer and winter temperatures, and extended the period over which arthropods are active. There have also been dramatic increases in the distribution of mosquito-borne diseases, such as West Nile and Usutu viruses in mainland Europe that are making the introduction of these pathogens through bird migration increasingly feasible. In addition, the establishment of midge-borne bluetongue virus in the near continent has increased the risk of wind-borne introduction of infected midges and the inadvertent importation of infected cattle. Arguably the greatest risk is associated with the continual increase in the movement of people, pets and trade into the UK. This, in particular, is driving the introduction of invasive arthropod species that either bring disease-causing pathogens, or are known competent vectors, that increase the risk of disease transmission if introduced. The following review documents the current pathogen threats to animals transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks and midges. This includes both indigenous and exotic pathogens to the UK. In the case of exotic pathogens, the pathway and risk of introduction are also discussed.

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Section: Risks From Exotic Ticksmentioning

confidence: 93%

Emerging Threats to Animals in the United Kingdom by Arthropod-Borne Diseases

et al. 2020

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“…in France [40], Rhipicephalus microplus in Galápagos Islands [41] and TBVs in Hyalomma spp. ticks collected on migratory birds in Sweden [42]. Remarkably, this allowed the detection of expected pathogens (i.e.…”

Section: Tick-borne Pathogen Coinfections Revealed By Microfluidic Pcrmentioning

confidence: 96%

Handling the Microbial Complexity Associated to Ticks

Cabezas‐Cruz¹,

Pollet²,

Estrada-Peña³

et al. 2019

Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens

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Ticks and the pathogens they transmit constitute a growing burden for human and animal health worldwide. In the last years, high-throughput detection and sequencing technologies (HTT) have revealed that individual ticks carry a high diversity of microorganisms, including pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Despite several studies have contributed to the availability of a catalog of microorganisms associated to different tick species, major limitations and challenges remain ahead HTT studies to acquire further insights on the microbial complexity associated to ticks. Currently, using next generation sequencing (NGS), bacteria genera (or higher taxonomic levels) can be recorded; however, species identification remains problematic which in turn affects pathogen detection using NGS. Microfluidic PCR, a high-throughput detection technology, can detect up to 96 different pathogen species, and its combination with NGS might render interesting insights into pathogenmicrobiota co-occurrence patterns. Microfluidic PCR, however, is also limited because detection of pathogen strains has not been implemented, and therefore, putative associations among bacterial genotypes are currently unknown. Combining NGS and microfluidic PCR data may prove challenging. Here, we review the impact of some HTT applied to tick microbiology research and propose network analysis as an integrative data analysis benchmark to unravel the structure and significance of microbial communities associated to ticks in different ecosystems.

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“…This is one of the largest bird migration systems [14], in which Capri in Italy and Antikythira in Greece are two important stopover sites for birds arriving from Africa, after crossing the Sahara Desert and the Mediterranean Sea, and were therefore used as collection points in this investigation. Previous studies have shown that northward migrating birds, utilizing stopover sites in and near the Mediterranean Sea often are infested with ticks carrying zoonotic pathogens, both bacterial and viral [15][16][17]. In this study, the role of northward migratory birds in the dispersal of tick-borne AP in the African-Western Palearctic region was investigated using molecular detection methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A divergent Anaplasma phagocytophilum variant in an Ixodes tick from a migratory bird; Mediterranean basin

Hoffman

Wilhelmsson

Barboutis³

et al. 2020

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum (AP) has vast geographical and host ranges and causes disease in humans and domesticated animals. We investigated the role of northward migratory birds in the dispersal of tick-borne AP in the African-Western Palearctic. Ticks were collected from northward migratory birds trapped during spring migration of 2010 at two localities in the central Mediterranean Sea. AP DNA was detected by PCR (gltA and 16S rRNA) and variant determination was performed using ankA sequences. In total, 358 ticks were collected. One of 19 ticks determined as Ixodes was confirmed positive for AP DNA. The tick was collected from a woodchat shrike (Lanius senator senator) trapped in Greece, and molecularly determined to belong to the I. ricinus complex and sharing highest (95%) 16S RNA sequence identity to I. gibbosus. The ankA AP sequence exhibited highest similarity to sequences from rodents and shrews (82%) and ruminants (80%). Phylogenetic analyses placed it convincingly outside other clades, suggesting that it represents a novel AP variant. The divergent Ixodes species harboring a novel AP variant could either indicate an enzootic cycle involving co-evolution with birds, or dissemination from other regions by avian migration. None of the 331 Hyalomma marginatum sensu lato ticks, all immature stages, were positive for AP DNA, lending no evidence for the involvement of Hyalomma ticks transported by birds in the ecology of AP.

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Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever Virus RNA in Hyalomma rufipes Ticks Infesting Migratory Birds, Europe and Asia Minor

Cited by 44 publications

References 14 publications

Emerging Threats to Animals in the United Kingdom by Arthropod-Borne Diseases

Emerging Threats to Animals in the United Kingdom by Arthropod-Borne Diseases

Handling the Microbial Complexity Associated to Ticks

A divergent Anaplasma phagocytophilum variant in an Ixodes tick from a migratory bird; Mediterranean basin

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