Alkanolamines for Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide Removal

Biogas Management: Advanced Utilization for Production of Renewable Energy and Added-value Chemicals

“…Upgrading strategies are mostly based on physical and/or chemical absorption in water or in active aqueous solutions (Cebula, 2009;Petersson and Wellinger, 2009;Kismurtono, 2011;Ryckebosch et al, 2011;Bansal et al, 2013;Khalil et al, 2014;Kohl and Nielsen, 1997) or adsorption on solid surfaces (Pandey and Fabian, 1989;Dabrowski, 2001;Jee et al, 2001;Yang, 2003;Himeno et al, 2005;Grande and Rodrigues, 2007;Ma et al, 2007;Cavenati et al, 2008;Das et al, 2008;Alonso-Vicario et al, 2010;Tippayawong and Thanompongchart, 2010;Grande, 2011Grande, , 2012Yuan et al, 2013;Andriani et al, 2014), membrane separation methods (Wellinger and Lindberg, 2005;Favre et al, 2009;Petersson and Wellinger, 2009;Simons et al, 2009;Deng and Hagg, 2010;Makaruk et al, 2010;Ryckebosch et al, 2011;Andriani et al, 2014;Salihu and Alam, 2015), and biological methods (Ryckebosch et al, 2011;Andriani et al, 2014;Salihu and Alam, 2015) or even combinations of the above (Bansal et al, 2013).…”

“…CO 2 separation from a gas stream via absorption is a classical method, based either on physical or preferably on chemicallydriven absorption of CO 2 in liquids or liquid solutions, taking place in bubble cap trays or in randomly packed towers (containing inert solid elements) where a countercurrent flow of gas mixture and liquid absorbent is applied; spray contactors of absorbent and gas mixture may also be possible in practical applications (Kohl and Nielsen, 1997). Countercurrent flow in randomly packed columns is well suited to absorption applications due to their more reliable design and generally superior performance.…”

“…The adsorption isotherms of adsorbate species, often described by the Langmuir equilibrium equation, are of critical importance for the design of an adsorption-based separation process and enable determination of the solid surface capacity of the adsorbent for a specific adsorbed molecule. On the other hand, the kinetics and dynamics of adsorption, described by the more general term "adsorption dynamics, " is affected by external, internal and surface diffusion characteristics of the adsorbed molecule, and, as described by Fick's second law, give the evolution with time of industrial adsorption processes used in separations (Kohl and Nielsen, 1997;Dabrowski, 2001). Regeneration of the adsorbent, a key step in any separation process based on adsorption, can be performed by reducing the total pressure or by applying vacuum conditions on the saturated adsorbent: these processes are therefore termed pressure swing adsorption (PSA) or vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) respectively.…”

Metal-doped apatitic calcium phosphates: preparation, characterization, and reactivity in the removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas phase

“…They are attractive because of the potential for high removal efficiencies, their ability to be selective for H 2 S abatement, and their regeneration possibility. [15][16][17] Adsorption relates to the fixation of H 2 S on the surface of a solid by weak physical or physicochemical bonds. Different adsorbents having high reactivity, such as activated carbon, zeolites, modified alumina or other metal oxides, have been investigated for H 2 S removal process.…”

Effect of Additives on the CO2 Absorption in Aqueous MDEA Solutions

“…1 A wide variety of alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), di-2-propanolamine (DIPA) and n-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) have been used. 2 The last one, MDEA, is usually preferred when large concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) are also present in the gas.…”