Alkaloids

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Alkaloids Derived from Polyketides and the Amino Acids Ornithine and Lysine 2.1. Alkaloids Derived by the Insertion of Nitrogen into a Polyketide 2.1.1. ( S )‐(+)‐Coniine, γ‐Coniceine and Related Alkaloids 2.1.2. Solenopsin Family (Fire Ant Alkaloids) 2.1.3. Perhydroazaphenalenes: Defensive Alkaloids of the Coccinellidae 2.1.4. Cyanobacteria Alkaloids 2.1.5. Additional Polyketide‐Derived Alkaloids 2.2. Alkaloids Derived from Ornithine and/or Arginine 2.2.1. Tropane Alkaloids 2.2.2. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids 2.3. Alkaloids Derived from Ornithine (and/or Arginine) and Nicotinic Acid 2.4. Alkaloids Derived from Lysine (Lys, K) and Nicotinic Acid 2.5. Purine Alkaloids 2.6. Imidazole Alkaloids 2.7. Pepper Alkaloids 3. Alkaloids Derived from the Shikimate Pathway 3.1. Alkaloids Derived from Anthranilate 3.2. Alkaloids Derived from Phenylalanine and Tyrosine 3.2.1. Biosynthesis of Dopamine, Mescaline and Capsaicin 3.2.2. Biosynthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids 3.2.3. Cryptostyline (Orchidaceae) and Alkaloids of the Amaryllidaceae 3.2.4. Ephedra Alkaloids 3.3. Alkaloids Derived from Tyrosine 3.4. Alkaloids Derived from Tryptophan and/or Tryptamine (Indole Alkaloids) 3.4.1. Alkaloids Derived from Tryptamine and an Unrearranged Monoterpene Unit 3.4.2. Mold Metabolites 3.4.3. Ergot Alkaloids 3.4.4. Corynantheine–Heteroyohimbine Structural Types 3.4.5. Corynantheine‐Type Alkaloids 3.4.6. Ajmalicine‐Type Alkaloids 3.4.7. Heteroyohimbine Oxindole Type 3.4.8. Glucoalkaloids 3.4.9. Yohimbine–Reserpine Structural Types 3.4.10. Akuammidine–Quebrachidine–Ervatamine–Gelsemine–Akuammiline Structural Types 3.4.11. Uleine–Ellipticine–Vallesamine–Ngouniensine Structural Types 3.5. The Cinchona Structural Type 3.6. The Camptothecin Structural Type 3.7. Terpene, Sesquiterpene, Diterpene and Steroidal Alkaloids (→ ((anchor interlink a26_205.xml Terpenes))) 3.7.1. Overview of Terpenoid Biosynthesis 3.7.2. Monoterpene Alkaloids 3.7.3. Sesquiterpene Alkaloids 3.7.4. Diterpene Alkaloids 3.7.5. Sesterterpene and Triterpene Alkaloids 3.7.6. Steroidal Alkaloids 4. Summary

Double Mannich reaction with ketones as a route to heterocyclic systems: A mini review

“…The azabicyclic framework has received significant attention due to its frequent occurrence in pharmaceuticals and alkaloids. Cocaine and tropane are some of the azabicyclic alkaloids found in pharmacologically active drugs [24, 25]. The double Mannich reaction of cycloalkanones ( 29a – c ) with a primary amine and formaldehyde [26], led to the formation of the 3‐azabicyclic ketones ( 30a – c ) (Scheme 7).…”