Alkaloids of narrow-leaved lupine as a factor determining alternative ways of the crop’s utilization and breeding

Abstract

Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), a valuable leguminous crop adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions, has a very short history of domestication. For many centuries it was used mainly as a green manure, since the success and prospects of the multi-purpose use of the species depend on its breeding improvement, in particular, on a particular concentration of alkaloids in seeds and green mass. The first varieties of scientific breeding were created only in the 1930s after the appearance of low-alkaloid mutants. Despite wide prospects for use in various areas of the national economy, unstable productivity and susceptibility to diseases hinder the production of this crop. Obviously, breeders deal only with a small part of the gene pool of the species and limited genetic resources, using mainly low-alkaloid (sweet) genotypes to create new varieties. The genetic potential of the species can be used more efficiently. At the same time, it is rational to create highly alkaloid (bitter) varieties for green manure, while food and feed varieties should not lose their adaptive potential, in particular, resistance to pathogens, due to the elimination of alkaloids. In this regard, it seems to be a productive idea to create ‘bitter/sweet’ varieties combining a high content of alkaloids in the vegetative organs and low in seeds, which can be achieved by regulating the synthesis/transport of alkaloids in the plant. The paper discusses the current state of use of the species as a green manure, fodder, food plant. Information is given on the quantity and qualitative composition of narrow-leaved lupine alkaloids, their applied value, in particular, fungicidal, antibacterial, insecticidal, the use of lupine alkaloids as active principles of drugs. Along with promising breeding considerations, the possibility of using technologies for processing raw high-alkaloid materials with the accompanying extraction of valuable ingredients for pharmaceuticals is discussed. Information is briefly presented about the genomic resources of the species and the prospects for their use in marker-assistant selection and genome editing.

Complex assessment of narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) accessions from the VIR collection in Belarus

“…У образца 'Fest' (к-3603), напротив, содержание алкалоидов в листьях почти в три раза превосходило таковое в семенах. Полагаем, что эти факты можно объяснить характером и временем экспрессии генов биосинтеза алкалоидов, который, как известно, происходит в листьях, но по мере созревания семян происходит отток алкалоидов в репродуктивную зону растения (Vishnyakova et al, 2020). При условии сохранения высокого содержания алкалоидов в листьях и низкого в семенах в ряде поколений, можно использовать этот признак для создания новой модели сорта.…”

“…Объект исследования -люпин узколистный (Lupinus angustifolius L.), наиболее широко возделываемый из всех культивируемых видов люпина в мире (Gladstones, 1998). Это многофункциональная культура с далеко не полностью использованным потенциалом (Vishnyakova et al, 2020). В настоящее время его выращивают главным образом в качестве кормовой и сидеральной культуры.…”

Genetic resources of narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and their role in its domestication and breeding

“…Quinolizidine alkaloids in seeds of different Lupinus spp. are of interest for pharmacology (Vishnyakova et al, 2020). Processed grains of various lupines, including the narrow-leaved one, have been used for several decades in fish farming to prepare feeds.…”

“…), the United States, New Zealand, and Belarus. The world's leader in the production and export of this crop, research into its genetic diversity, and most significant breeding achievements is Australia (Cowling, 2020;Vishnyakova et al, 2020). As far as the Russian Federation is concerned, the area of narrow-leaved lupine cultivation in 2019 reached 78,971 hectares, making this country one of the leading producers of this crop in the world (http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC).…”

Use of different crop rotation models as a factor of agriculture biologization

“…They grow on the territory of the country extremely unevenly. A significant part of the field entomophilic plants is concentrated in the European part of Russia, mostly in intensive agriculture zone [3,4]. At the same time, over 90 percent of wild nectariferous plants, with a huge honey reserve, are located beyond the Urals, in Siberia, in the Far East.…”