Alkaline fuel cells applications

Kordesch, Karl; Hacker, Viktor; Gsellmann, Josef; Cifrain, Martin; Faleschini, Gottfried; Enzinger, Peter; Fankhauser, Robert; Ortner, Markus; Muhr, M.; Aronson, Robert R.

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(99)00429-2

Cited by 160 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…According to Kordesch and Simader (1996), the thermodynamics of the fuel cell is represented by the equations below. Global reaction of hydrogen with oxygen from air:…”

Section: Thermodynamics Of the Fuel Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodynamic simulation of biomass gas steam reforming for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system

Sordi

Silva

Neto

et al. 2009

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-This paper presents a methodology to simulate a small-scale fuel cell system for power generation using biomass gas as fuel. The methodology encompasses the thermodynamic and electrochemical aspects of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), as well as solves the problem of chemical equilibrium in complex systems. In this case the complex system is the internal reforming of biomass gas to produce hydrogen. The fuel cell input variables are: operational voltage, cell power output, composition of the biomass gas reforming, thermodynamic efficiency, electrochemical efficiency, practical efficiency, the First and Second law efficiencies for the whole system. The chemical compositions, molar flows and temperatures are presented to each point of the system as well as the exergetic efficiency. For a molar water/carbon ratio of 2, the thermodynamic simulation of the biomass gas reforming indicates the maximum hydrogen production at a temperature of 1070 K, which can vary as a function of the biomass gas composition. The comparison with the efficiency of simple gas turbine cycle and regenerative gas turbine cycle shows the superiority of SOFC for the considered electrical power range.

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“…According to Kordesch and Simader (1996), the thermodynamics of the fuel cell is represented by the equations below. Global reaction of hydrogen with oxygen from air:…”

Section: Thermodynamics Of the Fuel Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to compare fuel cells with different characteristics, in which the same reaction occurs, differences in the electrochemical efficiencies are verified (Kordesch and Simader, 1996).…”

Section: Thermodynamics Of the Fuel Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic simulation of biomass gas steam reforming for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system

Sordi

Silva

Neto

et al. 2009

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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“…1 In the field of electric vehicle applications, polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells are most promising due to their high power density, simple construction, and long lifetimes. 2 To date, the perfluorosulfonated polymer Nafion membranes developed by DuPont de Nemours are the most popular type of membrane in PEM fuel cell applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Simulation of Gas Adsorption, Diffusion, and Permeation in Hydrated Nafion Membranes

et al. 2011

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Molecular simulations were performed to characterize hydrated Nafion membranes in terms of gas adsorption, diffusion, and permeation. The experimental results validate the molecular model of Nafion with respect to material density, morphology, free volume, and water diffusivity. Nafion’s adsorption property is examined in terms of the solubility and adsorption isotherms for gases, including H2, O2, and N2. The adsorption capacity of hydrated Nafion is shown to be strong for O2 and N2 but not for H2. Due to the dilution effect, N2 is able to suppress the loading of O2 and protect the fuel cell from fuel crossover. The dynamic behaviors of H2 and O2 are represented by self-diffusion coefficients, with the results showing that H2 diffusion in Nafion membranes is nearly 1 order of magnitude faster than O2 diffusion. The effects of water content and the concentration of adsorbed gases were verified, and a close correlation of Nafion free volume to gas transport properties was revealed. On the basis of the solution-diffusion mechanism, the permeabilities of H2 and O2 in hydrated Nafion membranes are calculated and compared with corresponding experiments, and the permeability of H2 is found to be approximately twice that of O2.

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“…Some studies about ammonia as hydrogen reservoir were performed. [1][2][3][4] They reported that ammonia is better than methanol for energy efficiency for alkaline fuel cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Generation by Ammonia Cracking with Iron Metal-Rare Earth Oxide Composite Catalyst

2002

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A series of fine powders of Fe-MO x (M = Ce, Al, Si, Sr, and Zr) composite were prepared by the conventional coprecipitation method from their nitrate solutions. The activity of hydrogen extraction from ammonia over these composite powders as ammonia cracking catalyst was characterized. The catalytic activity for ammonia decomposition observed on the composite powders of Fe-(Ce, Zr)O 2 was high because of the electron donation to the iron metal from Ce 3+ due to the reduction of CeO 2 through the reaction. In addition to this effect, the additive (Ce, Zr)O 2 solid solution supports worked as a solid acid to enhance the ammonia adsorption and reaction probability of Fe component. These were effective to generate hydrogen through the ammonia decomposition at relatively low temperature.

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Alkaline fuel cells applications

Cited by 160 publications

References 5 publications

Thermodynamic simulation of biomass gas steam reforming for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system

Thermodynamic simulation of biomass gas steam reforming for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system

Molecular Simulation of Gas Adsorption, Diffusion, and Permeation in Hydrated Nafion Membranes

Hydrogen Generation by Ammonia Cracking with Iron Metal-Rare Earth Oxide Composite Catalyst

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