Alkali-O2 oxidized lignin – A bio-based concrete plasticizer

Kalliola, Anna; Vehmas, Tapani; Liitiä, Tiina; Tamminen, Tarja

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.04.056

Cited by 62 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…By way of supplementary information, it should be noted that due to its bulky structure and various functional groups several attempts to use lignin as a plasticizer have been reported recently. Detailed information can be found elsewhere …”

Section: Lignocellulosic Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed information can be found elsewhere. [126][127][128] Lignin blends: Using higher molecular weight plasticizers with a polymeric structure, polymer blends are obtained whose properties mainly depend on the miscibility. Compatibility can mainly be ascribed to the degree of intermolecular interactions between two or more of the blend partners.…”

Section: Approaches For Thermoplastic Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Polymers from Biomass Resources as Feedstocks for Thermoplastic Materials

Müller

Zollfrank

Schmid

2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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With the objective of a more sustainable circular economy, one long‐term goal is the utilization of renewable resources as feedstock for the production of polymer‐based materials. In order to successfully process such materials using existing industrial‐scale technologies or even recycling processes, the natural polymers must have thermoplastic properties. With only a few exceptions, natural polymers are not thermoplastic. However, chemical and physical modification techniques are able to induce thermoplasticity in natural polymers from biomass resources such as cellulose, lignin, and chitin. Modification techniques focus on masking the hydroxyl groups to disrupt dense hydrogen bonding and so enable polymer chain mobility upon heating. The introduction of long alkyl chains into the polymer backbone effectively improves the thermoplastic processing of natural polymers. With regard to polymer blending, chemical grafting and graft copolymerization are powerful tools for enhancing compatibility. For both chemical and physical modification, solvents such as ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents are currently being explored for biomass and fiber processing and show promise for the future development of thermoplastic biopolymers. This review describes possible modifications, potential processing difficulties, and gives a summary of relevant studies described in the scientific literature.

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Section: Lignocellulosic Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Approaches For Thermoplastic Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Polymers from Biomass Resources as Feedstocks for Thermoplastic Materials

Müller

Zollfrank

Schmid

2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…The polymeric lignins, depending on the lignin type and possible post‐modifications, may be used, e.g. as dispersants, emulsifiers, adhesives and resoles (Plank , Holladay et al , Kalliola et al ). Vanillin is the most abundant monomeric chemical produced from lignin (Fache et al ).…”

Section: Enzymatic Processing Of Lignocellulosicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme biotechnology in degradation and modification of plant cell wall polymers

Marjamaa

Kruus

2018

Physiologia Plantarum

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Lignocelluloses are abundant raw materials for production of fuels, chemicals and materials. The purpose of this paper is to review the enzyme-types and enzyme-technologies studied and applied in the processing of the lignocelluloses into different products. The enzymes here are mostly glycoside hydrolases, esterases and different redox enzymes. Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic polysaccharides to platform sugars has been widely studied leading to development of advanced commercial products for this purpose. Restricted hydrolysis or oxidation of cellulosic fibers have been applied in processing of pulps to paper products, nanocelluloses and textile fibers. Oxidation, transglycosylation and derivatization have been utilized in functionalization of fibers, cellulosic surfaces and polysaccharides. Enzymatic polymerization, depolymerization and grafting methods are being developed for lignin valorization.

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“…[1,7] Various lignins arise from different biomass treatment protocols, and, in general, most ligninsa re insoluble in commons olvents, severely inhibiting efforts to valorize lignin. [1,10] Lignosulfonate (LS) is at ypical highly condensed lignin waste from the pulping industry produced in approximately 50 milliont ons per year [9] and easily dissolves in water.L Si s often used as ac heap and renewable material [11,12] for plasticizers, [13,14] corrosion inhibitors, [16] surfactants, [17] dispersants, [18] membranes, [19] and as ac arbonaceous matrix for catalysts and electrodes. [20][21][22] The sulfur content in LS typically varies from 3-6 %, depending on the pulping process, [20,23] and therefore it has been used in the synthesis of S-doped porousc arbon materials and was successfully appliedi nt he acetalization of glycerol [20] and as ac athode in lithium-sulfur batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Sulfide Catalysts Derived from Lignosulfonate and their Efficient Use in Hydrogenolysis

et al. 2019

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Catalytic lignosulfonate valorization is hampered by the in situ liberation of sulfur that ultimately poisons the catalyst. To overcome this limitation, metal sulfide catalysts were developed that are able to cleave the C−O bonds of lignosulfonate and are resistant to sulfur poisoning. The catalysts were prepared by using the lignosulfonate substrate as a precursor to form well‐dispersed carbon‐supported metal (Co, Ni, Mo, CoMo, NiMo) sulfide catalysts. Following optimization of the reaction conditions employing a model substrate, the catalysts were used to generate guaiacyl monomers from lignosulfonate. The Co catalyst was able to produce 23.7 mg of 4‐propylguaiacol per gram of lignosulfonate with a selectivity of 84 %. The catalysts operated in water and could be recycled and reused multiple times. Thus, it was demonstrated that an inexpensive, sulfur‐tolerant catalyst based on an earth‐abundant metal and lignosulfonate efficiently catalyzed the selective hydrogenolysis of lignosulfonate in water in the absence of additives.

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Alkali-O2 oxidized lignin – A bio-based concrete plasticizer

Cited by 62 publications

References 22 publications

Natural Polymers from Biomass Resources as Feedstocks for Thermoplastic Materials

Natural Polymers from Biomass Resources as Feedstocks for Thermoplastic Materials

Enzyme biotechnology in degradation and modification of plant cell wall polymers

Metal‐Sulfide Catalysts Derived from Lignosulfonate and their Efficient Use in Hydrogenolysis

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