Alkali metal tungsten bronze-doped energy-saving glasses for near-infrared shielding applications

Doping Sodium Tungsten Bronze-Like (Na5W14O44) Near-Infrared Shielding Functional Units in Bulk Borosilicate Glasses for Energy-Saving Window Applications

“…Figure (a–d) shows that the 5W1.25Sb sample has the best NIR-shielding ability (Δ T = 62.8%) and high visible light transmittance ( T max = 67.7%), which is close to the recently reported value of (K 0.2 Cs 0.8 ) x WO 3 films (Δ T = 65.1%, T max = 66.9%) . There is also a significant improvement on visible transmittance and NIR-shielding ability compared to the recently reported best performing Na x WO 3 -doped bulk glass (Δ T = 59.1%, T max = 63.9%) . So, the 5W1.25Sb sample is the optimal sample as energy-saving glass.…”

“…23 There is also a significant improvement on visible transmittance and NIR-shielding ability compared to the recently reported best performing Na x WO 3doped bulk glass (ΔT = 59.1%, T max = 63.9%). 26 So, the 5W1.25Sb sample is the optimal sample as energy-saving glass.…”

“…Recent works show that M x WO 3 can be doped and distributed directly into the bulk glass during the melt-quenching glass fabrication process. , This technique removes the need for film application and hence significantly improves the lifespan of glass. The NIR-shielding performance of these glasses is comparable to the best film-based glasses, and the NIR-shielding capability can be fine turned by adjusting the concentration of the reduced tungsten oxide (WO 3– x ) or the type of alkali metal (Li + , Na + , and K + ) . However, part of the fabrication process has to be carried out in a reducing atmosphere in order to form W 5+ in WO 3– x , which significantly increases the cost of the whole glass fabrication process .…”

“…The NIR-shielding performance of these glasses is comparable to the best film-based glasses, and the NIR-shielding capability can be fine turned by adjusting the concentration of the reduced tungsten oxide (WO 3−x ) or the type of alkali metal (Li + , Na + , and K + ). 26 However, part of the fabrication process has to be carried out in a reducing atmosphere in order to form W 5+ in WO 3−x , which significantly increases the cost of the whole glass fabrication process. 28 To this end, further simplification of the melt-quenching process for fabricating M x WO 3 -doped bulk glasses requires the removal of a reducing atmosphere; instead, the glasses should be fabricated under an air atmosphere.…”

Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride‐co‐Hexafluoropropylene) Films Filled in Iron Nanoparticles for Infrared Shielding Applications

“…[4,[14][15][16] So far, many materials have been tested as the potential IR shielding materials. Among them, rare-earth hexaborides, [7,17,18] indium tin oxides (ITO), [19,20] antimonydoped tin oxides (ATO), [5,21] transition metal oxides, [22][23][24][25] and tungsten bronze (M x WO 3 where M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) [3,6,14,16,[26][27][28][29] are frequently studied. Various tungsten compounds are one of the most frequently exploited because they reveal a high transparency for visible radiation and a strong near-infrared shielding ability caused by a polaronic absorption mechanism associated with the localized surface plasmon resonance of free electrons.…”