In this work, dual defective potassium (K) doping and
cyano group
sites have been introduced into carbon nitride (CN) with various morphologies
by a co-condensation method for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen
production. The photocatalysts with potassium doping and inserted
cyano groups display higher photocatalytic activity of hydrogen evolution
under visible light irradiation in contrast to undoped bulk CN, CN
nanosheets, and CN nanotubes. Potassium-doped CN nanotubes present
the greatest hydrogen generation yield of 2.11 mmol g–1 h–1 with an apparent quantum efficiency of 5.28%
at 420 nm, which is about 2.0 and 40 times that of K-incorporated
bulk CN and the bare CN nanotubes, respectively. Benefiting from uniformly
distributed potassium ions, the introduction of cyano groups, and
the one-dimensional tubular structure of CN nanotubes, the resultant
K-doped CN nanotubes have new charge transfer paths between potassium
ions and adjacent heptazine units, accelerating photogenerated carrier
transfer and enhanced photoreduction ability, thereby improving the
photocatalytic performance. This study presents a reliable method
for element doping of CN with various morphologies to photocatalytic
hydrogen evolution through water splitting.