Alkali-Metal-Mediated Reversible Chemical Hydrogen Storage Using Seawater

Abstract

The economic viability and systemic sustainability of a green hydrogen economy are primarily dependent on its storage. However, none of the current hydrogen storage methods meet all the targets set by the US Department of Energy (DoE) for mobile hydrogen storage. One of the most promising routes is through the chemical reaction of alkali metals with water; however, this method has not received much attention owing to its irreversible nature. Herein, we present a reconditioned seawater battery-assisted hydrogen storage system that can provide a solution to the irreversible nature of alkali-metal-based hydrogen storage. We show that this system can also be applied to relatively lighter alkali metals such as lithium as well as sodium, which increases the possibility of fulfilling the DoE target. Furthermore, we found that small (1.75 cm 2 ) and scaled-up (70 cm 2 ) systems showed high Faradaic efficiencies of over 94%, even in the presence of oxygen, which enhances their viability.

Prevention of Carbon Corrosion by TiC Formation on Ti Current Collector in Seawater Batteries

“…Real-time gas evolution was monitored by performing in situ DEMS analysis under galvanostatic charge of the home-built gas-tight swagelok-type cell containing 2465 coin-type cells. [49] Details of the DEMS system have been presented elsewhere. [50] Electrochemical Measurements: EIS was used to analyze the resistance between Ti and carbon-based current collectors.…”

“…Real‐time gas evolution was monitored by performing in situ DEMS analysis under galvanostatic charge of the home‐built gas‐tight swagelok‐type cell containing 2465 coin‐type cells. [ 49 ] Details of the DEMS system have been presented elsewhere. [ 50 ]…”

Systematic physicochemical characterization, carbon balance and cost of production analyses of activated carbons derived from (Co)-HTC of coal discards and sewage sludge for hydrogen storage applications

“…Additionally, the carbon retentions of synthesized ACs are shown in Table 8, indicating that the blending of SS and CDs leads to lower carbon emissions than the individual processing of CDs and SS, supporting the hydrothermal treatment's significant potential to minimize overall carbon emissions. The carbon emissions (11%-21%) reported in Table 9 are much lower than those of other thermal processes, such as conventional pyrolysis (63%) [105], microwave (70%) [105] and combustion (99%) [106].…”

Hetero-atom doped graphene for marvellous hydrogen storage: unveiling recent advances and future pathways

“…In addition, hydrogen has a signicantly higher energy content (142 MJ kg −1 ) than other energy sources. [11][12][13] Hydrogen can be integrated into multiple sectors, including transportation, industry, power generation, and heating. It has the potential to serve as a fuel source for vehicles equipped with fuel cells, feedstock for industrial processes, a replacement for natural gas in heating systems, and a clean alternative for power generation in stationary fuel cells.…”