Alkali-metal-ions promoted Zr-Al-Beta zeolite with high selectivity and resistance to coking in the conversion of furfural toward furfural alcohol

Recent advances in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol over heterogeneous catalysts

“…Gao et al synthesized a series of Zr–Al-Beta zeolites from alcoholic solutions of alkali metal hydroxides. 113 0.025 M–Na + –Zr–Al-Beta (0.025 M MOH with an M/Al molar ratio of ca. 1.0) exhibited high concentration tolerance and the best catalytic activity, giving 99.6% FF conversion and 97.7% FFA selectivity in isopropanol at 393 K for 3 hours.…”

Porous SiO2 Nanospheres Modified with ZrO2 and Their Use in One-Pot Catalytic Processes to Obtain Value-Added Chemicals from Furfural

“… 15 , 16 Nevertheless, heterogeneous catalysts have progressively appeared as a greener alternative to the traditional homogeneous ones, because they are easily separable and can be reused. Several solid Lewis acid, or basic, catalysts, such as ZrO 2 , 17 − 22 Al 2 O 3 , 17 , 23 , 24 Fe 2 O 3 , 25 , 26 MgO, 25 , 27 − 29 Zr-, 30 − 38 Hf-, 32 , 38 or Sn-zeolites 32 , 35 , 38 , 39 and Zr-, 40 − 42 Ru-modified zirconium hydroxide, 43 Ni- and Ni–W/active carbon, 44 or Hf- MOFs 45 − 48 have been proposed for the CTH of FUR.…”

Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation and Acid Reactions of Furfural and 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural over Hf-TUD-1 Type Catalysts

“…Hf-TUD-1(x) catalysts are the first Hf-mesoporous silicates reported for Fur conversion using secROH. The catalytic results for Hf-TUD-1(x) were compared with literature data for fully inorganic heterogeneous non-noble metal catalysts tested for Fur conversion to AMFs in alcohol medium ( Table 2 ) [ 34 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 61 , 62 , 65 , 67 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 ]. The present work does not concern noble metal catalysts for Fur conversion, which may be found in a vast literature such as the following references, just to cite a few [ 86 , 87 , 88 ].…”

“…Humins may be removed from the catalysts via thermal treatment at high temperature (>350 °C), which is an issue for several families of materials such as organic–inorganic hybrids and carbon-based ones. Literature studies for the CTH of Fals focused on hexagonally arranged OMSi of the type SBA-15 [ 32 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ] and MCM-41 [ 42 , 43 , 44 ] possessing zirconium and using 2-propanol (2PrOH) or 2-butanol (2BuOH) as H-donor. The preparation of these types of OMSi generally requires the use of relatively expensive copolymer organic templates or synthetic surfactant templates, leading to environmental concerns (toxic, non-biodegradable) and requiring more demanding wastewater treatments.…”