Alkali investigations in the Sudan

Joseph, A. F.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600082356

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Five seeds of dolichos bean were sown 28 December 1944 in each of thirty 10 in. pots filled with Gezira soil (see Joseph, 1925). In half the pots 0-2 g. Striga seed per pot was intimately mixed with the soil.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

THE PARASITISM OF STRIGA HERMONTHICA BENTH. ON LEGUMINOUS PLANTS

Andrews¹

1947

Annals of Applied Biology

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Pot experiments at the Gezira Research Farm showed that Striga hmonthica Benth. is not contined to the Gramineae but can also parasitize groundnuts, cowpea, dolichos bean and soya bean, causing a loss in yield in all but the last-named. The Strigu plants developing on the roots of these hosts were small, apparently ill-nourished and did not grow more than I cm. above the ground, in contrast to the vigorous, flowering Strigu plants that develop on sorghum. The greatest reduction in yield in these experiments was in dolichos bean, where the aerial growth was reduced 60 % ; no significant reduction in root weight was found in groundnuts, cowpea or soya bean. The last-named plant appeared to be feebly parasitized by S. hermonthica. A reduction in total nodule weight, but not in number of nodules, was obtained in groundnuts and cowpea. Parasitized dolichos bean showed a reduction in both the number of nodules and in nodule dry weight; in groundnuts, the later fruit production was seriously reduced.The use of these leguminous crops to clean Strigu-infested soil is discussed.

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

THE PARASITISM OF STRIGA HERMONTHICA BENTH. ON LEGUMINOUS PLANTS

Andrews¹

1947

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…Kes. at 30°' Under Sudanese conditions the suspensions vary in temperature from 20 to 35° C, and a correction of 2 per cent, per 1° C. is applied to the readings to give specific resistance at 30° C. Joseph (5) has noted that informative results are obtained by this means in spite of the fact that equal conductances are not necessarily the result of equal weight concentrations. In this paper Joseph gives particulars as to the chemical and mechanical composition of various soils in the canalised area, and his figures may be taken as covering the samples examined in the present enquiry.…”

Section: Field and Laboratory Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A pit was excavated in successive layers to a depth of 6 ft. and the soil was then replaced foot by foot in inverse order. Subsequent observations were as follows: 1925Feb. 1925Apr.…”

Section: Subsidiary Observations On Salt Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Irrigation on Soil Salts at the Gezira Research Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan

Greene

Peto

1934

J. Agric. Sci.

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SummaryIn order to ascertain whether subsoil salts moved upwards under the influence of irrigation an elaborate investigation was carried out at the Gezira Kesearch Farm, Medani. It wasfound that the small apparent changes which occur under normal irrigation and cultivation are largely due to swelling and shrinking of the surface soil occasioned by changes in moisture content and to mechanical disturbance and settling which depend on cultivation. Apart from these apparent changes there may be a small downward movement of salt through the soil material; there is no upward movement.

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“…ABOUT 1000 square miles of the Eastern Gezira are irrigated from the Sennar Dam. The soil (Joseph & Martin, 1923;Joseph, 1925;Joseph & Whitfeild, 1927;Greene, 1928) is a heavy clay, strongly alkaline, of low permeability to water, and low in content of nitrogen and humus. Sulphates of sodium and calcium are present in the soil, and although the irrigation water is of good quality it brings appreciable amounts of sodium salts on the land.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil improvement in the Sudan Gezira

Greene

Snow

1939

J. Agric. Sci.

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After reviewing the possibility of soil deterioration in the Gezira and its dependence on change in the exchangeable bases in the soil we have given an account of field trials with soil improvers. Increased penetration of water, improved supply of nitrogen and higher yields were obtained, but the effects were not lasting. A part of the initial response is ascribed to the flocculating action of salts formed near the soil surface by interaction between soil and soil improver. With continued watering these salts are washed from the surface soil, but the applications of soil improver were insufficiently heavy and the leaching insufficiently thorough to effect any deep-seated change in the soil. Drainage experiments in which effluents were measured and analysed showed small changes in the right direction, but their main outcome has been strikingly to confirm the view that lateral movement of water through Gezira soil is so slight as to promise small hope of achieving any large-scale improvements by means of subsoil drainage. Analyses of saltbush have been made and showed that although these plants remove much sodium from the soil they can hardly be regarded as a practicable agent in soil improvement, since the amount of sodium in the soil is comparatively large. On the other hand, it appears that by including saltbush in rotation and by removing the crop from the land it is possible to guarantee that no progressive deterioration will occur in consequence of accumulation of sodium introduced in the irrigation water. Further analyses of irrigation water were made in this connexion and substantially confirmed Beam's earlier data.We do not yet know whether, under normal irrigation, the general tendency is for an accumulation of sodium or whether, on the contrary, salts are slowly being washed from the soil column (Greene & Peto, 1934). Until the nature and extent of chemical changes in the soil are accurately assessed it is impossible to say what annual expenditure on soil improvers, drainage, growing and disposal of saltbush is needed for maintenance of soil fertility. Further laboratory work should be directed to the detailed study of base exchange in Gezira soil and to observation of the physical characters on which permeability depends while, in the field, further experiments should be made in the use of soil improvers and drainage; information should also be sought as to the most convenient and least expensive way of including saltbush in the rotations best suited to different parts of the Gezira and as to the economic disposal of saltbush ash.

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Alkali investigations in the Sudan

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

THE PARASITISM OF STRIGA HERMONTHICA BENTH. ON LEGUMINOUS PLANTS

THE PARASITISM OF STRIGA HERMONTHICA BENTH. ON LEGUMINOUS PLANTS

The Effect of Irrigation on Soil Salts at the Gezira Research Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan

Soil improvement in the Sudan Gezira

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