Aliskiren, Fosinopril, and Their Outcome on Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) in Rats with Thyroid Dysfunction

Farhadi, Susan A. S.; Dizaye, Kawa

doi:10.1155/2019/5960563

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Clinical trials have demonstrated a strong antihypertensive and organoprotective (cardioprotective, renoprotective) role for the renin inhibitor [104,105]. It has been shown to be very good at regulating blood pressure in hyperthyroid rats [106]. The use of aliskiren showed a decrease in the antidiuretic effect of renin [107].…”

Section: Direct Renin Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Clinical Conditions

Đambić¹,

Pojatić²,

Stažić³

et al. 2020

Selected Chapters From the Renin-Angiotensin System

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The renin-angiotensin system, in both its circulating and local tissue roles, is intertwined with multiple other regulatory and signalling mechanisms in various tissues and organ systems. It plays a central role in the normal regulation of arterial blood pressure and in the development of hypertension, which is an immense global public health burden and a crucial modifiable risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The renin-angiotensin system plays also important roles in a range of other clinical conditions such as heart failure, kidney failure, diabetes mellitus and others. Therapeutic interventions within the renin-angiotensin system include the use of medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists, which are well established and have been invaluable as clinically effective tools during many years of practical use. Additionally, numerous other therapeutic approaches targeting components of the renin-angiotensin system have been developed or are currently in development. This chapter will discuss details of the roles of this system in the most relevant clinical conditions.

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Section: Direct Renin Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Clinical Conditions

Đambić¹,

Pojatić²,

Stažić³

et al. 2020

Selected Chapters From the Renin-Angiotensin System

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“…Like captopril, fosinopril competitively inhibits ACE thereby it decreases the formation of the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin 2. The latter is one of the main factors in in hypertension induced tissue damage (pubchem/compound 172198) and [S. A. S. Farhadi and K. F. Dizaye (2019)]. Diminishing the angiotensin 2 production with suppresing its production implicitly also lowers the cytokine production and the synthesis of new ACE2 receptors [S. Wassmann and G. Nickenig (2006)].…”

Section: H4rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histamine Antagonists to Temper the Cytokine Overproduction in Gastrointestinal Cells Infected by SARS-CoV-2

Geurdes¹,

Koutsaroff²

2020

Preprint

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The premise regarding COVID-19 disease is that it is a spectrum which begins with infection with viral SARS-CoV-2 exposure via airborne or oral virus particles. The individual response to it depends on many factors including co-morbid conditions. An important aspect of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is the cytokine storm that develops after the infection. The immuno-chemical chaos created in this cytokine storm is to the benefit of the virus. In this meta analysis the authors explore ways to let the cytokine storm die down by looking into the role of histamine. Histamine is a metabolic product of the essential aminoacid histidine. Histamine has 4 known receptors: H1, H2, H3 and H4. The immunoglobulines IgE and IgM are indicative for a COVID-19 infection. This immune response is related to inflammation. Inflammation, in turn, runs mainly via histamine after e.g. virus inoculation. The goal of the meta-study is to gather evidence to primarily block the H4 receptor (H4R) in gastrointestinal cells to diminish the cytokine overproduction in the $\approx$ 30\% of the patients suffering from gastrointestinal problems caused by SARS-CoV-2. Our concept is as follows. If we can strike a careful balance between hampering the gastrointestinal spreading of the virus and histamine antagonists to tackle the cytokine storm, then the natural immunity can later on come on line again and attack the virus without being led astray by cytokine chaos. We will concentrate on H4R but also look at H1R and H2R related effects. The proposed substances in our systemic approach can be balanced for an effective early treatment. The nature of our work is by its method and results theoretical. In that respect we also may note the structural chemistry indol skeleton resemblance among a number of different drugs.

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