“…However, to promote the cross-linking reaction and create a thermally and mechanically stable network, bioresin must be reacted with a curing agent so-called “hardener” to spread out the overall functionality in a wide temperature range, yielding highly branched networks and a sufficiently high glass transition temperature ( T g ), which is a direct indicator for the application domain. There are a growing number of coreactants from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, to polyfunctional amine, amide, and anhydride that are used depending on the targeted performances of the final thermoset polymer. ,,− They are important key reactants due to their nucleophilic nature that grants high reactivity toward the epoxy ring, allowing them to be active at room temperature bearing low-viscosity and low-cost formulation, resulting in polymers with a high glass transition temperature. ,,, Most of these routinely employed hardeners are derived from petroleum-based feedstocks, and some of them are toxic and can present health issues. Furthermore, the risk of toxicity can stand inside the cured system, corresponding to the unreacted curing agent trapped in the polymeric network that stands in contrast to the concepts of green chemistry. , One of the commercially available, petroleum-based curing agents is hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) and its cured epoxy system showed a relatively high T g , which depends on the selected monomer.…”