Aliphatic and Alicyclic Amines

Abstract

Aliphatic and alicyclic amines are nonaromatic amines that have a straight chain, branched chain, or cyclic alkyl moiety attached to the nitrogen atom. Aliphatic amines are highly alkaline and tend to be fat soluble. As such, they have the potential to produce severe irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Corrosive burns as well as marked allergic sensitization may also occur. Volatile amines, which are characterized by boiling points lower than 100°C, are highly irritating and include methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, n ‐propylamine, isopropylamine, diisopropylamine, allylamine, n ‐butylamine, isobutylamine, sec ‐butylamine, tert ‐butylamine, and dimethylbutylamine. Workplace practice must consider these properties in developing strategies to protect workers. Toxicity information in humans continues to be limited. Although great strides in understanding the process of carcinogenicity have been made in recent years, controversies regarding potential aliphatic amine carcinogenicity are far from being resolved. Of considerable interest is the possibility of nitrosamine formation, which is both compound specific and pH dependent.

Amines as occupational hazards for visual disturbance

“…Extensive human and animal data are available on some amines, such as TEA and dimethyethylamine (DMEA), whereas others have relatively restricted and/or outdated information. Several books and review articles written by Cavender 1 ) , Grant & Schuman 2 ) , Albrecht 6 ) , Ballantyne 7 ) , and Johns & Kipling 8 ) contain valuable information about glaucopsia-inducing amine chemicals.…”

“…Amines have been used extensively as starting materials for chemical syntheses, as intermediates, and as solvents in numerous industrial processes. Amines are used intensively in catalysts, poultry feed, corrosion inhibitors, drugs, bactericides, and herbicides 1 ) . Considering the glaucopsia hazards due to various amines, the processes employing such compounds were relatively restricted.…”

“…One, two, or three nitrogen atoms can be substituted on amines, which classify them into primary, secondary, or tertiary amines, respectively. Most amines have an unpleasant fish-like odor and alkaline characteristics 1 , 2 ) .…”

Synthesis of Functional Chemicals from Lignin‐derived Monomers by Selective Organic Transformations

“…[32] Apart from anilines, the synthesis of cyclohexane amines by the direct amination-hydrogenation of phenols is also of central importance because cyclohexylamine-based products serves as key intermediate and building block in organic synthesis and drug discovery. [34] In this respect, De Vos and co-workers successfully demonstrated the selective transformation of lignin-derived phenols with ammonia to primary cyclohexylamines in presence of commercially available Rh/C catalyst under mild conditions. [35a] Among various tested solvents, isopropanol was found to be the best due to its protic nature.…”