Alignment, Structural Balance, and International Conflict in the Middle East, 1948-1978

Lai, David

doi:10.1177/073889420101800203

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…International relations between countries can be analysed using signed networks models and balance theory [59,20,60]. In earlier studies of balance theory, Harary used signed relations between countries over different times as an example of balance theory applications in this field [46].…”

Section: International Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balance and frustration in signed networks

Aref

2018

Journal of Complex Networks

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The frustration index is a key measure for analysing signed networks, which has been underused due to its computational complexity. We use an exact optimisation-based method to analyse frustration as a global structural property of signed networks coming from diverse application areas. In the classic friendenemy interpretation of balance theory, a by-product of computing the frustration index is the partitioning of nodes into two internally solidary but mutually hostile groups. The main purpose of this paper is to present general methodology for answering questions related to partial balance in signed networks, and apply it to a range of representative examples that are now analysable because of advances in computational methods. We provide exact numerical results on social and biological signed networks, networks of formal alliances and antagonisms between countries, and financial portfolio networks. Molecular graphs of carbon and Ising models are also considered. The purpose served by exploring several problems in this paper is to propose a single general methodology for studying signed networks and to demonstrate its relevance to applications. We point out several mistakes in the signed networks literature caused by inaccurate computation, implementation errors or inappropriate measures. Cornyn (R-TX) Corzine (D-NJ) Craig (R-ID) DeWine (R-OH) Dodd (D-CT) Domenici (R-NM) Durbin (D-IL) Edwards (D-NC) Ensign (R-NV)

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Section: International Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balance and frustration in signed networks

Aref

2018

Journal of Complex Networks

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“…International relations between countries can be analysed using signed networks models and balance theory [52,20,53]. In earlier studies of balance theory, Harary used signed relations between countries over different times as an example of balance theory applications in this field [42].…”

Section: International Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological and chemoprevention studies of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. stem, the botanical source of Brazilian red propolis

Silva

Squarisi

Freitas

et al. 2022

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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Objectives Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. is a semi-prostrate species associated with estuaries, mangroves and dunes. This plant species has great ecological and economic importance, especially concerning apiculture pasture and Brazilian red propolis production. In this study, non-clinical toxicological evaluations of the hydroalcoholic extract of D. ecastaphyllum stems (DEHE), the resin production source, were conducted. In addition, the action of DEHE on genomic instability and colon carcinogenesis was investigated. Methods and results The extract’s chemical profile was analysed by HPLC, and medicarpin, vestitol and neovestitol were found as major compounds. DEHE showed an IC50 equivalent to 373.2 µg/ml and LC50 equal 24.4 mg/L, when evaluated using the XTT colorimetric test and the zebrafish acute toxicity assay, respectively. DEHE was neither genotoxic nor cytotoxic at the highest dose, 2000 mg/kg, by peripheral blood micronucleus test. The treatments DEHE (6 and 24 mg/kg) led to the reduction of micronuclei induced by doxorubicin (DXR) in mice. Furthermore, significantly higher serum levels of reduced glutathione were observed in animals treated with DEHE plus DXR, revealing an antioxidant effect. Treatments with DEHE (48 mg/kg) led to a significant reduction in pre-neoplastic lesions induced by the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) carcinogen in the rat colon. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly lower levels of expression of COX-2 (86%) and PCNA (83%) in the colon of rats treated with DEHE plus DMH, concerning those treated with the carcinogen. Conclusions These results indicate the involvement of anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative pathways in the protective effect of DEHE.

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“…International relations between countries can be analysed using signed networks models and balance theory [36,90,93]. In earlier studies of balance theory, Harary used signed relations between countries over different times as an example of balance theory applications in this field [73].…”

Section: International Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%