Aligned Li+ Tunnels in Core–Shell Li(NixMnyCoz)O2@LiFePO4 Enhances Its High Voltage Cycling Stability as Li-ion Battery Cathode

Wu, Zhongzhen; Ji, Shunping; Liu, Tongchao; Duan, Yandong; Xiao, Shuhu; Lin, Yuan; Xu, Ke; Pan, Feng

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02742

Cited by 116 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Representative approaches include the doping, [86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] morphological control of the primary particle, [99][100][101][102][103][104] the cathode surface modification, [105][106][107][108][109][110] and the primary particle coating, [35,37,[111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126] which will be discussed below.…”

Section: Strategies To Realize Commercializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospect and Reality of Ni‐Rich Cathode for Commercialization

Kim

Lee

Cha

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

644

582

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practical candidate for the wide application of the LIBs with respect to the reversible capacity, rate capability, and capital cost. [4][5][6][7] In terms of nickel contents, the nickel-rich cathodes with nickel content above 80% have advantages in gravimetric capacity, allowing high gravimetric energy density, compared with the nickel content less than 80%. Currently, the nickel-rich cathodes with the amount of nickel less than 60% are fully commercialized. However, the nickel-rich cathodes with nickel content of ≥80% still have many difficulties in the commercialization with respect to powder properties and electrode fabrication process.The unstable powder properties originate from residual lithium compounds such as LiOH and Li 2 CO 3 that formed by the spontaneous reduction of sensitive trivalent nickel ions during the synthesis process and storage in air. [8][9][10][11] The Li 2 CO 3 significantly promotes the gas evolution and increase the moisture of the cathode powder, which strongly related to the safety issue. [12][13][14] Furthermore, the LiOH on the cathode increases the powder pH value, causing the gelation of the slurry during the electrode fabrication process. The nickel-rich cathode with nickel content of ≤60% have acceptable amount of residual lithium compounds for the practical use. By contrast, the cathode with amount of nickel of ≥80% should be treated by additional process to reduce the residual lithium compounds ( Table 1). Furthermore, other powder properties, such as powder pH and moisture, should be carefully controlled when nickel contents were exceeded of ≥80%. Thus, for the practical application of these cathode materials, most battery companies have adapted the washing process, in which the cathode power was stirred in purified water for 20-40 min. [15,16] The washing process could greatly reduce the residual lithium compounds and powder pH value. [15] However, the washing process not only increases process time and capital cost but also make the nickel-rich cathode more chemically sensitive than nonwashed cathodes. [16] More seriously, the water washing deteriorates the thermal stability of the nickel-rich cathodes, indicating that the washing process should be substituted by other methods for the battery safety.Another important factor for the commercialization of the nickel-rich cathodes is the electrode density directly related to the energy density. In general, the nickel-rich cathodesThe layered nickel-rich cathode materials are considered as promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high reversible capacity and low cost. However, several significant challenges, such as the unstable powder properties and limited electrode density, hindered the practical application of the nickel-rich cathode materials with the nickel content over 80%. Herein, important stability issues and in-depth understanding of the nickel-rich cathode materials on the basis of the industrial electrode fabrication condition for the commercialization of the nickel-rich cathode m...

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Section: Strategies To Realize Commercializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospect and Reality of Ni‐Rich Cathode for Commercialization

Kim

Lee

Cha

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

644

582

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…12b) [97]. Researchers have also suggested that other types of cathode materials with more cycling stability can be used as coating materials such as LFP [186].…”

Section: X M Y O Z Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies of Nickel-Rich NMC-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries

Yuan

Zhang

et al. 2019

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

489

383

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The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high mass-specific capacities, high rate capabilities and long-term cyclabilities is driving the research and development of LIBs with nickel-rich NMC (LiNi x Mn y Co 1−x−y O 2 , x ⩾ 0.5 ) cathodes and graphite (Li x C 6 ) anodes. Based on this, this review will summarize recently reported and widely recognized studies of the degradation mechanisms of Ni-rich NMC cathodes and graphite anodes. And with a broad collection of proposed mechanisms on both atomic and micrometer scales, this review can supplement previous degradation studies of Ni-rich NMC batteries. In addition, this review will categorize advanced mitigation strategies for both electrodes based on different modifications in which Ni-rich NMC cathode improvement strategies involve dopants, gradient layers, surface coatings, carbon matrixes and advanced synthesis methods, whereas graphite anode improvement strategies involve surface coatings, charge/discharge protocols and electrolyte volume estimations. Electrolyte components that can facilitate the stabilization of anodic solid electrolyte interfaces are also reviewed, and trade-offs between modification techniques as well as controversies are discussed for a deeper understanding of the mitigation strategies of Ni-rich NMC/graphite LIBs. Furthermore, this review will present various physical and electrochemical diagnostic tools that are vital in the elucidation of degradation mechanisms during operation to supplement future degradation studies. Finally, this review will summarize current research focuses and propose future research directions.

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“…Several strategies aiming at improving the performance and stability of Ni-rich NCM CAMs are currently pursued. [252][253][254][255][256] Also, molecular surface functionalization using organophosphates can apparently successfully reduce transition-metal dissolution, thereby positively affecting the cell cyclability. Bulk doping seems to be a viable strategy to enhance both the cycling performance and structural stability.…”

Section: Summary and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical, Structural, and Electronic Aspects of Formation and Degradation Behavior on Different Length Scales of Ni‐Rich NCM and Li‐Rich HE‐NCM Cathode Materials in Li‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2019

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costs are required. Current state-of-theart LIBs using, e.g., well-established LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (NCM111) cathode material are yet not able to fulfill all these demands. In order to increase the energy density of LIBs, battery produ cers and researchers pursue various strategies. Substitution of expensive Co by Ni to achieve LiNi 1−x−y Co x Mn y O 2 compounds with x < 0.3 in order to increase the structural stability at high state-of-charge (SOC) is one possible approach. Another promising material class is represented by Li-rich high-energy NCM (HE-NCM) materials (cLi 2 MnO 3 ⋅[1 − c]LiTMO 2 [TM = Ni, Co, Mn, etc.]). All of these subgroups of layered oxides have in common a crystal structure that is prone to irreversible changes and fatigue during continuous Li (de-)intercalation. The relevant changes in electronic and crystal structure strongly depend on the particular cathode composition and micro/nanostructure. The development of a target-oriented roadmap to improved LIBs that meet the above requirements must address the underlying mechanisms on different cell levels, i.e., from the atomic level to the electrode level. A comprehensive summary of the properties and developments in the field of Ni-rich NCM [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and Li-rich HE-NCM [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] has been presented recently In order to satisfy the energy demands of the electromobility market, both Ni-rich and Li-rich layered oxides of NCM type are receiving much attention as high-energy-density cathode materials for application in Li-ion batteries. However, due to different stability issues, their longevity is limited. During formation and continuous cycling, especially the electronic and crystal structure suffers from various changes, eventually leading to fatigue and mechanical degradation. In recent years, comprehensive battery research has been conducted at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, mainly aiming at better understanding the primary degradation processes occurring in these layered transition metal oxides. The characteristic process of formation and mechanisms of fatigue are fundamentally characterized and the effect of chemical composition on cell chemistry, electrochemistry, and cycling stability is addressed on different length scales by use of state-of-the-art analytical techniques, ranging from "standard" characterization tools to combinations of advanced in situ and operando methods. Here, the results are presented and discussed within a broader scientific context. by several authors. Here, we focus on the detailed characterization of these materials on different length scales, including the processes during formation and fatigue.After a brief introduction of the different materials addressed here, their characteristic process of formation and mechanisms of fatigue are discussed with respect to cell chemistry, electrochemistry, and cycling stability. Based on the fundamental results of our experimental studies on the material level, the effect of formation and fatigue on different cell levels is evalu...

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Aligned Li⁺ Tunnels in Core–Shell Li(Ni_xMn_yCo_z)O₂@LiFePO₄ Enhances Its High Voltage Cycling Stability as Li-ion Battery Cathode

Cited by 116 publications

References 42 publications

Prospect and Reality of Ni‐Rich Cathode for Commercialization

Prospect and Reality of Ni‐Rich Cathode for Commercialization

Degradation Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies of Nickel-Rich NMC-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries

Chemical, Structural, and Electronic Aspects of Formation and Degradation Behavior on Different Length Scales of Ni‐Rich NCM and Li‐Rich HE‐NCM Cathode Materials in Li‐Ion Batteries

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